Answers must be written in French except in the care of question requiring translation from French to English.

Section A

1. Main trends in French Literature
a) Classicism
b) Romanticism
c) Realism

2. Art in France
a) Romanticism
b) Realism
c) Impressionism

3. The Vth Republic
(a) De Gaulle and the Vth Republique
(b) May 1968
(c) Pompidou
(d) Giscard d Estaing
(e) Mitterrand
(f) Chirac
4. Translation: French to English (2 passages of socio-politico-economic nature of 200 world each).

1. Main Trends in French Literature
a) Symbolism,
b) Surrealism
c) Theatre of the Absurd

2. Art in French
a) Surrealism
b) Cubism
c) Abstract Painting

3. The Vth Republic
a) Parts Politiques en France
b) Place et role du President de la Vc Republique
c) Le gouvernement
d) Le Parlement
e) Le Senat

4. Translation: English to French 2 passages of socio-politico-economic nature of 200 words each.

Answers must be written in French.

Section A

This paper will require an in-depth reading of the following texts and the questions will be designed to test the candidates critical ability.

1. XVII Century
a) Comeille : Le Cid
b) Racine : Andromaque
c) Moliere : LAvare

2. XVIIIth Century
Beaumarchais : Le Mariage de Figaro

3. XlXth Century
a) Lamartine : Le lac Le Vallon
b) Victor Hugo : La Conscience. Elle Avait Pris Ce Pli…
Demain, Des LAube
c) Victor Hugo : Hernani
d) Musset : Souvenir. La Nuit de Decembre
e) Marimee ; Colomba
f) Balzac : Eugenie Grandet
g) Flaubert : Madame Bovary
h) Baudelaire : Llmntation au Voyage, Recueitletnent. LAlbatros.
i) Rimbaud : Le Dormeur du Val
j) Verlaine : Chanson d Automne, Mon Reve Familier, II
Pleurc Dans mon Coeur…

4 XXth Century
a) Appolinaire : Nuit Rhenane, Le Pont Mirabeau
b) Jacques Prevert : Pour Faire Le Portrait d Unoiseau, Barbara
c) Paul Eluard : Liberte
d) Paul Valery : Les Pas, La Fiieuse
e) Andre Gide : La Syntphonie pastorale
f) Camus : V Etranger
g) Sartre : Les Mains Sales
h) Lonesco : Rhinoceros

Francophonie:
a) Gerard Besette : Le Libraire
b) Ananda Devi : Le Voile de Draupadi
c) Cheikh Hamidou : LAventure Ambigiue Kane
d) Abdellatif Laabi : Poemes enprose 1. LArbre a poemes
(LEtreinte du Monde) 2. Les Reves viennent mourir sur la page (LEtreinte du Monde)

5. Essay of General nature on a contemporary theme.

Answers must be written in German.

Section A

1. Structure of Language:
Candidates are expected to have a thorough knowledge of German grammar with reference to specific aspects such as word order,, syntactic structures and semantics.

2. Essay in German:
Candidates are expected to demonstrate command over techniques of written expression in German by writing an essay on a contemporary topic of a general nature.

1. Translation of a text of a general nature from English into German.
2. Socio-political and cultural history of Germany from the 18th century onwards with special reference to:
a. Impact of Enlightenment on German society and culture
b. The impact of Prussian culture on Germany.
c. Cultural debates in the Weimar Republic.
d. The concept of culture under National Socialism in Germany.
e. The development of two German literatures and cultures after 1945.
f. Reunification of Germany and the problems of cultural pluralism.
g. The role and relevance of German language and literature in the European union.

Answers must be written in German.

Section A

1. Development of German literature from the 19lh century to the present. Candidates should know the main trends, representative authors and their important works. The emphasis is not on collecting information on works and authors, but the candidate is expected to identify features of a literary epoch on the basis of representative texts.

2. The Study of literary genres.
Candidates must be aware of the characteristic features of the different genres like Roman, Novelle, Drama, Ballade, Elegie, Marchen, Fabein, Kurzgeschichte.

1. Perceptions of Literary Interpretation.
Candidates should be aware of various approaches to a. critical understanding of literature.
2. * Study of Select Texts.
a. Goethe: Die Leiden des jungen Werther.
b. Schiller: Maria Stuart.
c. Eichendorff.Gedichte.
d. Gottfried Keller: Kleider machen Leute.
e. Thomas Mann: Die vertauschten Kopfe.
f. Franz Kafka: Vor Dem Gesetz.
g. Friedrich Durrenmatt. Die Physicker.
h. Max Frisch: Andorra.
i. Heinrich Boll: Die verlorence Ehre der kathariana Blum.
j. Ingeborg Bachmann: Alles (aus dem Erzahlband; Das dre Bigste Jahr)
k. Rose Auslander: Gedichte.
1. Christa Wolf: Der geteilte Himmel.
m. Gunter Grass: Zunge zeigen.

Answers must be written in Gujarati.

Section-A

Gujarati Language : Form and history
1. History of Gujarati Language with special reference to New Indo-Aryan i.e. last one thousand years.
2. Significant features of the Gujarati language: Phonology, morphology and syntax.
3. Major dialects: Surti, Pattani, charotari and Saurashtri.

History of Gujarati Literature

Medieval :
4. Jaina tradition
5. Bhakti tradition: Sagun and Nirgun (Jnanmargi)
6. Non-sectarian tradition (Laukik parampara)

Modern:
7. Sudharak yug
8. Pandit yug
9. Gandhi yug
10. Anu-Gandhi yug
11. Adhunik yug

Literary Forms: (Salient features, history and development of the following literary forms):

(a) Medieval
1. Narratives: Rasa, Akhyan andPadyavarta
2. Lyrical: Pada

(b) Folk
3. Bhavai

(c) Modern
4. Fiction: Novel and short story
5. Drama
6. Literary Essay
7. Lyrical Poetry

(d) Criticism
8. History of theoretical Gujarati criticism
9. Recent research in folk tradition

Answers must be written in Gujarati
The paper will reqire first hand reading of the texts prescribed arid will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidate.

Section-A

1. Medieval
(i) Vasantvilas phagu-Ajnatkrut
(ii) Kadambari-Bhalan
(iii) Sudamacharitra-Premanand
(iv) Chandrachandravatini varta-Shamal
(v) Akhegeeta-Akho

2. Sudharakyug & Pandityug
(vi) Mari Hakikat-Narmadashankar Dave
(vii) Farbasveerah- Dalpatram
(viii) Saraswatichandra-Part-I Govar-dhanram Tripathi
(ix) Purvalap- Kant (Manishankar Ratnaji Bhatt)
(x) Raino Parvat-Ramanbhai Neel-kanth

1. Gandhiyug & Anu Gandhiyug
(i) Hind Swaraj-Mohandas Kar-machand Gandhi
(ii) Patanni Prabhuta- Kanhaiyalal Munshi
(iii) Kavyani Shakti- Ramnarayan Vish-wanath Pathak
(iv) Saurashtrani Rasdhar Part 1- Zaver-chand Meghani
.(v) Manvini Bhavai-Pannalal Patel
(vi) Dhavni-Rajendra Shah

2. Adhunik yug
(vii) Saptapadi-Umashankar Joshi
(viii) Janantike- Suresh Joshi
(ix) Ashwattama- Sitanshu Yash-aschandra

Answers must be written in Hindi.

Section A:
1. History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi.
I. Gramatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.
II. Development of Braj and Awadhi as literary language during medieval period.
III. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and Dakhni Hindi.
IV. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19* Century.
V. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.
VI. Development of Hindi as national language during freedom movement.
VII. The development of Hindi as a National language of Union of India.
VIII. Scientific & Technical development of Hindi Language.
IX. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter relationship.
X. Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi.
XI. Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.

2. History of Hindi Literature
I. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi Literature.
II. Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.
A. Adikal- Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya. Prominent poets-Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati.
B. Bhaktikal - Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara.

Prominent Poets-Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.

C. Ritikal - Ritikavya, Ritibaddhakavya & Riti Mukta Kavya. Prominent Poets- Keshav, Bihari,
Padmakar and Ghananand.

D. Adhunik Kal
a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandaf.
b. Prominent Writers: Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.
c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry: Chhayavad, Pragativad, Proyogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.
Proyogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.
Prominent Poets: Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun.

III Katha Sahitya
A. Upanyas & Realism.
B. The origin and development of Hindi Novels.
C. Prominent Novelists: Premchand, Jainendar, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani.
D. The origin and development of Hindi short story.
E. Prominent short story Writers: Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Sobti.

IV. Drama & Theatre
A. The origin & Development of Hindi Drama.
B. Prominent Dramatists: Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh.
C. The development of Hindi Theatre.

V. Criticism
A. The origin and development of Hindi criticism: Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi, Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.
B. Prominent critics: Ramchanda Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra.

VI. The other forms of Hindi prose-Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant.

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Answers must be written in Kannada.

Section A

A. History of Kannada Language
What is Language? General Characteristics of Language. Dravidian Family of Languages and its specific features, Antiquity of Kannada Language Different Phases of its Development.

Dialects of Kannada Language:
Regional and Social. Various aspects of development of Kannada Language: phonological and semantic changes. Language borrowing.

B. History of Kannada Literature
Ancient Kannada literature: Influence and Trends. Poets for study: Specified poets from Pampa to Ratnakara Vami are to be studied in the light of contents, form and expression: Pampa, Janna, Nagachandra. Medieval Kannada literature: Influence and Trends. Vachana literature: Basavanna, Akka Mahadevi. Medieval Poets: Harihara, Raghavanka,. Kumar-Vyasa. Dasa literature: Purandra and Kanaka. Sangataya: Ratnakaravarni.

C. Modern Kannada literature:
Influence, trends and ideologies, Navodaya, Pragatishila, Navya, Dalita and Bandaya.

A Poetics and literary criticism:

Definition and concepts of poetry: Word, Meaning, Alankara, Reeti, Rasa, Dhwani, Auchitya. Interpretations of Rasa Sutra.

Modern Trends of literary criticism: Formalist, Historical, Marxist, Feminist, Post-colonial criticism.

B. Cultural History of Karnataka
Contribution of Dynasties to the culture of Karnataka: Chalukyas of Badami and Kalyani, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara rulers, in literary context. Major religions of Karnatak and their cultural
contributions.

Arts of Karnataka: Sculpture, Architecture, Painting, Music, Dance in the literary context.
Unification of Karnataka and its impact on Kannada literature.

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Answers must be written in Kashmiri.

Section: A

1. Genealogical relationship of the Kashmiri language: various theories.

2. Areas of occurrence and dialects (geographical/social) ,

3. Phonology and grammar:
i. Vowel and consonant system;
ii. Nouns and pronouns with various case inflections;
iii. Verbs: various types and tenses.

4. Syntactic structure:
i. Simple, active and declarative statments;
ii. Coordination;
iii. Relativsation.

1. Kashmiri literature in the 14th century (Socio-cultural and intellectual background with special reference to Lai Dyad and Sheikhul Alam)
2. Nineteenth century Kashmiri literature (development of various genres: vatsun; ghazal; and mathnavi).
3. Kashmiri literature in the first half of the twentieth century (with special reference to Mahjoor and Azad; various literary influences).
4. Modern Kashmri literature (with special refernece to the development of the short story, drama, novel and nazm).

Answers must be written in Kashmiri.

Section-A

1. . Intensive study of Kashmiri poetry upto the nineteenth century:
i) Lai Dyad
ii) Sheikhul Aalam
iii) Habba Khatoon
2. Kashmiri poetry: 19th Century
i) Mahmood Garni (Vatsans)
ii) Maqbool Shah (Gulrez)
iii) Rasool Mir (Ghazals)
iv) Abdul Ahad Nadim (Nat)
v) Krishanjoo Razdan (Shiv Lagun)
vi) Sufi Poets (Text in Sanglaab, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir)

3. Twentieth Century Kashmiri poetry (text in Azich Kashir Skairi, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir)
4. Literary criticism and research work: development and various trends.

1. An analytical study of the short story in Kashmiri.
i) Afsana Majmua, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir.
ii) Kashur Afsana Az, published by the Sahitya Akademi
iii) Hamasar Kashur Afsana, published by the Sahitya Akademi
The following sthort story writers only: Akhtar Mohi-ud-Din,
Amin Kamil, Hari Krishan Kaul, Hraday Kaul Bharti, Bansi
Nirdosh, Gulshan Majid.

2. Novel in Kashmiri:
i) Mujrim by G.N. Gowhar
ii) Marun-Ivan Ilyichun, (Kashmiri version of Tolstoys The Death of Ivan Iiyich (Published by Kashmiri Deptt).

3. Drama in Kashmiri
i) Natuk Kariv Band, by Hari Krishan Kaul
ii) Ok Angy Natuk, ed. Motilal Keemu. published by Sahitya
Akademi. iii) Razi Oedipus, tr. Naji Munawar, published by Sahitya Akademi.

4. Kashmiri Folk Literature:
i) Kashur Luki Theatre by Mohammad Subhan Bhagat, published by Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir.
ii) Kashinj Luki Bceth (all volumes) published by the J & K Cultural Academy.

Answers must be written in Konkani.

Section A: History of the Konkani Language:

(i) Origin and development of the language & Influences on it.
(ii) Major dialects of Keinkani & their linguistic features.
(iii) Grammatical and lexicographic work in Konkani, including a study of cases, adverbs, indeclinables and voices,
(iv) Old Standard Konkani, New Standard & standardisation problems.

Section B: History of Konkani Literature:

Candidates would be expected to be well acquainted with Konkani Literature and its social & cultural backgournd and consider the problems and issues arising out of them:
(i) History of Konkani literature from its probable source to the present times, with emphasis on its major works, writers and movements,
(ii) Social and cultural background of the making of Konkani literature from time to time.
(iii) Indian & Western influences on Konkani literature, from the earliest to modern times, (iv) Modern literally trends in the various genres and regions including a study of Konkani folklore.

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