Administrative theory

I. Introduction: Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration, Public and Private Administration, Wilsons vision of Public Administration, Evolution of the discipline and its present status. New Public Administration. Public choice approach and New Public Management perspective. Features of Entrepreneurial Government, Good Governance : concept and application.

II. Theories of Administraiton : Nature and typologies; Scientific Management (Taylor and the Scientific Management Movement), Classical Theory (Fayol, Urwick, Gulick and others), Bureaucratic Theory. (Marxist view, Webers model and its critique, post-Weberian developments.) Ideas of Mary Parker Follett and (C.T. Bernard) Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and and others). Behavioral Approach to Organizational Analysis. Participative Management; (McGregor, Likert and others). The Systems Approach; Open and closed systems.

III Structure of public organisations : Typologies of Political Executive and their functions. Forms of public organizations : Ministries and Departments : Corporations; Companies, Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc and Advisory bodies. Headquarters and field relationships.

IV Administrative Behaviour : Decision making with special reference to Herbert Simon, Theories of Leadership, Communication, Morale, Motivation (Maslow and Herzberg.)

V Accountability and Control: Concepts of Accountability and Control; Legislative Executive and judicial Control over Administration. Citizen and Administration, Role of civil society, peoples participation, Right to information. Administrative corruption, machinery for redressal of citizens grievances. Citizens Charter.

VI Administrative Law : Meaning and significance. Delegated Legislation : Types, Advantages, Limitations, Safeguards, Administrative Tribunals : limitations and methods of ensuring effectiveness.

VII Administrative Reforms : Meaning, process and obstacles. Techniques of administrative improvement : O and M; Work Study and Work Management, Information Technology.

VIII Comparative Public Administration : Meaning, nature and scope. Models of Comparative Public Administration : Bureaucratic and ecological

IX Development Administration : Origin and purpose, Riggs Prismatic-Sala Model; Bureaucracy and Development; Changing profile of Development Administration; new directions in peoples self development and empowerment

X Public Policy : Relevance of Policy making in Public Administration. Model of Policy-making Sectoral policies (e.g. Energy, Industries Education and Transport Policies) Process of Policy formulation, problems of implementation, feed-back and evaluation.

XI Personnel Administration : Objectives of Personnel Administration. Importance of human resource development. Recruitment, training, career development, position classification, discipline, Performance Appraisal, Promotion, Pay and Service Conditions; employer- employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism integrity and code of conduct.

XII Financial administration : Monetary and fiscal policies. Resource mobilisation : tax ?.nd non-tax sources. Public borrowings and public debt. Concepts and types of budget. Preparation and execution of the budget. Deficit financing Performance budgeting. Legislative control, Accounts and Audit,

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General Sociology/Foundations of Sociology/Fundamentals of Sociology

1. Sociology - The Discipline: Sociology as a Science and as an interpretative discipline; impact of industrial and French Revolution on the emergence of sociology; sociology and its relationship with history, economics, political science, psychology and anthropology.

2. Scientific Study of Social Phenomena: Problem of objectivity and value neutrality; issue of measurement in social science; elements of scientific method- concepts, theory and fact, hypothesis; research designs-descriptive, exploratory and experimental.

3. Techniques of data collection and analysis: Participant and quasi-participant observation; interview, questionnaire and schedule, case study, sampling - size, reliability and validity, scaling techniques -social distance and Likert scale.

4. Pioneering contributions to Sociology:
a) Karl Marx: Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation and class struggle.

b) Emile Durkheim: Division of labour, social fact, religion and society.

c) Max Weber: Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.

d) Talcott Parsons: Social system, pattern variables.

e) Robert K. Merton: Latent and manifest functions, anomie, conformity and deviance, reference groups.

5. Marriage and Family: Types and forms of marriage; family- structure and function; personality and socialization; Social control; family, lineage, descent and property; changing structure of family; marriage and sex roles in modern society; divorce and its implications; gender issues; role conflicts.

6. Social Stratification: Concepts - hierarchy, inequality and stratification; theories of stratification - Marx, Davis and Moore and Melvin Tumins critique; forms and functions; class - different conceptions of class; class-in-itself and class-for-itself; caste and class; caste as a class.

7. Social Mobility: Types of mobility - open and closed models; intra-and inter-generational mobility; vertical and horizontal mobility; social mobility and social change.

8. Economic System: Sociological Dimensions of economic life; the impact of economic processes on the larger society, social aspects of division of labour and types of exchange; features of pre-industrial and industrial economic system; industrialisation and social change; social determinants of economic development.

9. Political System: The nature of Power - personal power, community power, power of the elite, class power, organisational power, power of the un-organised masses; authority and legitimacy; pressure groups and political parties; voting behaviour; modes of political participation-democratic and authoritarian forms.

10. Educational System: Education and Culture; equality of educational opportunity; social aspects of mass education; problems of universalisation of primary education; role of community and state intervention in education; education as an instrument of social control and social change; education and modernisation.

11. Religion: Origins of religious beliefs in pre-modern societies; the sacred and the profane; social functions and dysfunctions of religion; monistic and pluralistic religion; organised and unorganised religions; semitism and antisemitism; religion, sect and cults; magic, religion and science.

12. Science and Technology: Ethos of science; social responsibility of science; social control of science; social consequences of science and technology; technology and social change.

13. Social Movements: Concepts of social movements; genesis of social movements; ideology and social movements; social movement and social change; types of social movements.

14. Social change and Development: Continuity and change as fact and as value; theories of social change - Marx, Parsons and Sorokin; directed social change; social policy and social development.

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Probability:
Sample space and events, probability measure and probability space, random variable as a measurable function, distribution function of a random variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable probability mass function, probability density function, vector-valued random variable, marginal and conditional distributions, stochastic independence of events and of random variables, expectation and moments of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of random variable in distribution, in probability, in p-th mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and interrelations, Borel-Cantelli lemma, Chebyshevs and Khinchines weak laws of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and Kolmogorovs theorems, Glivenko-Cantelli theorem, probability generating function, characteristic function, inversion theorem, Laplace transform, related uniqueness and continuity theorems, determination of distribution by its moments. Linderberg and Levy forms of central limit theorem, standard discrete and continuous probability distributions, their inter-relations and limiting cases, simple properties of finite Markov chains.

Statistical Inference:
Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, minimal sufficiency, completeness, ancillary statistic, factorization theorem, exponential family of distribution and its properties, uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMV U) estimation, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, Cramer-Rao inequality for single and several-parameter family of distributions, minimum variance bound estimator and its properties, modifications and extensions of Cramer-Rao inequality, Chapman-Robbins inequality, Bhattacharyyas bounds, estimation by methods of moments, maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chi-square, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, idea of asymptotic efficiency, idea of prior and posterior distributions, Bayes estimators.

Non-randomised and randomised tests, critical function, VIP tests, Neyman-Pearson lemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio, generalised Neyman-Pearson lemma, similar and unbiased test. UMPU tests for single and several-parameter families of distributions, likelihood rotates and its large sample properties, chi-square goodness of fit test and its asymptotic distribution.

Confidence bounds and its relation with tests, uniformly most accurate (UMA) and UMA unbiased confidence bounds.

Kolmogorovs test for goodness of fit and its consistent), sign test and its optimality, Wilcoxori signed-ranks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov-Smirnove two-samples test, run test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic normality. Walds SPR I and its properties, OC and ASN functions, Walds fundamental identity, sequential estimation.

Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis:
Linear statistical models, theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, least squares estimates and their precision, test of significance and interval estimates based on least squares theory in one-way, two-way and three-way classified data, regression analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogonal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partial correlations, regression diagnostics and sensitivity analysis, calibration problems, estimation of variance and covariance components, MINQUE theory, multivariate normal distribution, Mahalanobis-D2 and Hotellings T2 statistics and their applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, one-way M ANOVA, principal, component analysis, elements of factor analysis.

Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments:
An outline of fixed-population and super-population approaches, distinctive features of finite population sampling, probability sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without replacement, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy for structural populations, cluster sampling, two-stage and multi-stage sampling, ratio and regression, methods of estimationinvolving one or more auxiliary variables, two-phase sampling, probability proportional to size sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the Horvitz-Thompson estimators, non-negative .variance estimation with reference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling errors, Warners randomised response technique for sensitive characteristics.

Fixed effects model (two-way classification), random and mixed effects models (two-way classification per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, incomplete block designs, concepts of orthogonality and balance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial designs: 2n, 32 and 33 confounding in factorial experiments, split-plot and simple lattice designs.

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Section-A

1. Non-chordata and chordata:

(a) Classfication and relationship of varous phyla upto sub-classes; Acoelomata and Coelomata; Protostomes and Deuteros tomes, Bilateralia and Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry.

(b) Protozoa: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction; evolution of sex; General features and life history of Paramaecium, Monocystis, Plasmodium, and Leishmania.

(c) Portfera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction.

(d) Coelenterata: Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism; coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and Aurelia.

(e) Platyhelminthes; Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and their relation to man.

(f) Nemathelminthes: General features, life history and parasitic adaptation of Ascaris; nemathelminths in relation to man.

(g) Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features and life history of nereis (Neanthes), earthworm (Pheretima) and leach (Hirudinaria).

(h) Arthropoda: Larval forriis and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in arthropods (prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification of mouth parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee and butterfly); metamorphosis in insects and its hormonal regulation; social organization in insects (termites and honey bees).

(i) Mollusca: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, shell diversiy; general features and life history of Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia, torsion and detorsion in gastropods.

(j) Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion larval forms; general features and life history of Asterias.

(k) Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features and life history of Branchiostoma and Herdamania.

(l) Pisces: Scales, respiration, locomotion, migration.

(m) Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods; parental care, paedomorphosis.

(n) Reptilia: Origin of reptiles; skull types; status of Sphenodon and crocidiles.

(o) Aves: Origin of birds; flight adaptation, migration.

(p) Mammalia: Origin of mammals; denitition; general features of egg-laying mammals, pouched-mammals, aquatic mammals and primates; endocrine glands and other hormone producing structures (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships.

(q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates (integument and its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system including heart and aortic arches; urine-genital system, brain and sense organs (eye and ear).

I. Ecoiogy :

(a) Biosphere:Biogeochemical cycles, green-houses effect, ozone layer and its impact; ecological succession, biomes and ecotones.

(b) Population, characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization.

(c) Conservation of natural resources- mineral mining, fisheries, aquaculture; forestry; grassland; wildlife (Project Tiger); susainable production in agriculture-integrated pest management.

(d) Environmental bio degradation; pollution and its impact on biosphere and its prevention.

II. Ethology :
(a) Behaviour : Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign ..stimuli, learning, instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting.

(b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis, predator detection, predator tactics, social behaviour in insects and primates; courtship (Drosophila, 3-spine stickleback and birds).

(c) Orientation, navigation, homing; biological rhythms; biological clock, tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms.

(d) Methods of studying animal behaviour.

III. Economic Zoology :
(a) Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture.

(b) Major infectious and communicable diseases (small pox, plague, malaria, tuberculosis,-cholera and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention.

(c) Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogens (helminths) atid vectors (ticks, mites,Tabanus, Stomoxys)

(d) Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpiisiella), oil seed (Achaea Janata) and rice (Sitophilus oryzae).

IV. Biostatistics :
Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and measure of central tendency, chi square, student t-test, F-test (one-way & two-way F-test).

V. Instrumental methods :
(a) Spectrophotometry, flame photometry, Geiger-Muller counter, scintiliation counting.

(b) Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).

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