Section A – Physical Geography
i) Geomorphology: Origin of the earth; Geological Time Scale; Interior of the earth; Types and characteristics of rocks; Folding and Faulting; Volcanoes; Earth-quakes; Weathering; Landforms caused by fluvial, aeolian and glacial actions.

ii) Climatology: Structure and composition of atmosphere; Temperature; Pressure belts and Wind systems; Clouds and rainfall types; Cyclones and anti-cyclones; Major climatic types.

iii) Oceanography: -Ocean relief; Temperature; Salinity; Ocean deposits; Ocean currents, El Nino and La Nino; Waves and tides.

iv) Biogeography: Origin and types of soils; Major biomes of the world; Ecosystem and food chain; Environmental degradation and conservation./

Section B – Human Geography
i) Man and Environment Relationship: Growth and development o( Human Geography; Concepts o( Determinism and Possibilism.

ii) Population: Races of mankind and tribes; growth and distribution of world population; migration; population problems of developed and developing countries.

iii) Economic Activities: Food gathering and hunting; pastoral herding; fishing and forestry; Types of agriculture-shifting, subsistence, commercial and plantation; Mining, Power; Manufacturing – locational factors of textile, iron and steel, sugar and fertilizer industries; Tertiary activities – trade, transport, communication and services.

iv) Settlements: Origin, types and patterns of rural settlements; Processes of urbanisation; morphology and functional classification of towns; million-cities and mega-cities.

Section C – Geography Of The World
i) Major Natural Regions: Characteristics, economic base and human adaptation,
ii) Regional Geography of Developed Countries: Canada, U.S.A., Western Europe, Russia, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.
iii) Regional Geography of Developing Countries: S.E. Asia, S.W. Asia, China, Southern Africa and Brazil,
iv) Regional Geography of South Asia.

Section D – Geography Of India
i) Physical Setting: .Landforms, drainage, climate, soils and natural vegetation,
ii) Economic Base: Minerals and energy resources, aquatic resources, forest resources; irrigation, agriculture and industries; trade and commerce,
iii) Population: Growth, distribution and density; demographic characteristics.
iv) Environmental problems, developmental issues and regional planning.

Section E – Geographical Thought
i) Ancient Period: Contributions of Indians, Greeks, Romans and Arabs.
ii) Pre-Modern Period: Contribution of Verenius, Kant, Humboldt and Ritter.
iii) Modern Period: Dichotomy of determinism and possibilism; contributions of Ratzel, Semple, Huntington and La Blache.
iv) Recent Period: Quantitative Revolution; Radicalism, Behaviouralism and Humanism.

Section F – Techniques Of Geographical Analysis
i) Maps: Scale and types, uses.
ii) Diagrams: Types and uses
iii) Projections: Types, characteristics and uses.
iv) Remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS): Aerial photographs and imagery, GIS.

Part-I
(a) General Geology: Solar System. The Earth: its origin, age and internal constitution. Volcanoes-types, distribution geological effects and products. Earthquakes-intensity, magnitude, distribution, causes and effects. Elementary ideas about isostasy, geosynclines, mountain building, continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics.

(b) Geomprphology: Basic concepts. External and internal processes. Rock weathering. Cycle of erosion. Fluvial landforms and drainage patterns. Landforms of aeolian, marine, glacial and Karst landscapes. Elements of Remote Sensing.

(c) Structural and field Geology: Primary and secondary structures. Dip and strike of beds. Unconformities. Study of folds, joints, faults, foliation and lineations. Overthrusts and nappe structures. Stages of rock deformation. Construction of block diagrams. Stereographic and equal-area nets. Solutions of simple problems by stereographic net
Topographic maps and their interpretation. Use of clinometer compass in the field Measurements of bed, foliation, folds joints, faults and lineations in the field. Principles of geological mapping. Effects of topography on outcrops. Drawing of sections.

Part-II
(a) Crystallography: Elements of crystal structure. Laws of crystallography, Symmetry elements of normal classes of seven crystal systems. Properties and interaction of light and crystalline matter. Petrological microscope and accessories. Construction and use of Nicole prism. Pleochroism, double refraction, extinction angle, birefringence and twinning in crystals, Isotropic, uniaxial and biaxial minerals.

(b) Mineralogy: Physical, chemical and optical properties of the following Common rock forming minerals: quartz, feldspar, mica, pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, garnet, chlorite, carbonates, aluminosilicates. Structure of silicates and crystal chemistry of minerals. Gemstones.

(c) Economic Geology: Ore, ore mineral and gangue. Classification of ore deposits. Important processes of their formation. Occurrence, origin and distribution in India of the ores of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, lead, zinc, iron, manganese and radioactive elements. Deposits of minerals use- as abrasives, refractories and in ceramics, deposits of coal and petroleum. Elements of prospecting for mineral deposits.

Part -III
(a) Igneous Petrology: Origin of magma and formation of igneous rocks. Bowens reaction principle. Crystallisation of binary systems.

Classification of igneous rocks. Textures and structures of igneous rocks. Composition, origin and mode of occurrence of granite, syenite, diorite, mafic and ultramafic groups, anorthosites and alkaline rocks.

(b) Sedimentary Petrology: Sedimentary process and products. Classification of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary structures. Residual deposits – their mode of formation, characteristics and types, Clastic deposits- their classification, mineral composition and texture. Elementary ideas about the origin and characteristics of quartz arenites, arkoses and graywackes. Siliceous and calcareous deposits of chemical and organic origin.

(c) Metamorphic Petrology: Types and factors of metamorphism. Zones, grades and facies of metamorphism. Regional and contact metamorphism. Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of argillaceous, arenaceous, calcareous and basic rocks. Metasomatism.

Part-IV
(a) Paleontology: Habits and habitats of animals. Fossils and fossilization. Modes of preservation. Application of fossils, Study of morphology and geological history of Foraminiferida, Brachipoda, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Echinoidea and Anthozoa.

Mammals of Siwalik Group. A brief study of Gondwana flora.

(b) Stratigraphy and Geology of India: Fundamental laws of stratigraphy. Stratigraphic classification lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic. Geological time scale.

Physiographic divisions and outline of stratigraphy of India. Brief study of Dharwar, Vindhyan and Gondwana Supergroups and Siwalik Group with reference to their major subdivisions, lithology, fossils, areal distribution and economic importance.

1. Prehistoric cultures in India

2. Indus Civilization. Origins. The Mature Phase: extent, society, economy and culture. Contacts with other culture1:. Problems of decline.

3. Geographical distribution and characteristics of pastoral and farming communities outside the Indus region, from the neolithic to early iron phases.

4. Vedic society. The Vedic texts; change from Rigvedic to later Vedic phases. Religion; Upanishadic thought. Political and social organisation; evolution of monarchy and Varna system.

5. State formation and urbanization, from the Mahajanapadas to the Nandas. Jainism and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism.

6. The Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta; Megasthenes. Asoka and his inscriptions; his dhamma, administration, culture and art. The Arthasastra.

7. Post-Mauryan India, BC 200- AD 300. Society: Evolution of jatis. The Satavahanas and state formation in Peninsula. Sangam texts and society. Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushanas;
Kanishka. Contacts with the outside world. Religion: Saivism, Bhagavatism, Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism; Jainism; Culture and art.

8. The Guptas and their successors (to c. 750 AD). Changes in political organisation of empire. Economy and society. Literature and science. Arts.

9. Early Medieval India. Major dynasties; theChola Empire. Agrarian and political structures. The Rajaputras. Extent of social mobility. Position of women. The Arabs in Sind and the Ghaznavides.

10. Cultural trends, 750-1200, Religious conditions: importance of temples and monastic institutions; Sankaracharya; Islam; Sufism. Literature and Science. Alberunis India. Art and architecture.

11-12. Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries: Ghorian invasions causes and consequences. Delhi Sultanate under the Slave Rulers. Alauddin Khalji: Conquests; administrative, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughlugs innovations. Firuz Tughluq and the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Growth of commerce and urbanization. Mystic movements in Hinduism and Islam. Literature. Architecture, Technological changes.

13. The fifteenth and early 16th Century: major Provincial dynasties; Vijaya-nagara Empire. The Lodis, First phase of the Mughal Empire: Babur, Humayun. The Sur empire and administration. The Portuguese.
Monotheistic movements: Kabir; Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti. Growth of regional literatures. Art and Culture.

14-15. The Mughal Empire, 1556-1707. Akbar: conquests, administrative measures, jagir and mansab systems; policy of sulh-i-kul. Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb: expansion in the Deccan; religious policies. Shivaji.

Culture: Persian and regional literatures. Religious thought: Abul FazI; Maharashtra dharma. Painting. Architecture.

Economy: conditions of peasants and artisans, growth in trade; commerce with Europe. Social stratification and status of women.

16. Decline of Mughal Empire, 1707-61. Causes behind decline. Maratha power under the Peshwas. Regional states. The Afghans. Major elements of composite culture. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Rise of Urdu language.

17. British expansion: The Carnatic Wars, Conquest of Bengal. Mysore and its resistance to British expansion: The three Anglo-Maratha Wars. Early structure of British raj: Regulating and Pitts India Acts.

18. Economic Impact of the British Raj: Drain of Wealth (Tribute); land revenue settlements (zamindari, ryotwari, mahalwari); De-industrialisation; Railways and commercialisation of agriculture; Growth of landless labour.

19. Cultural encounter and social changes: Introduction of western education and modern ideas. Indian Renaissance, social and religious reform movements; growth of Indian middle class; The press and its impact: rise of modern literature in Indian languages. Social reforms measures before 1857.

20. Resistance to British rule: Early uprisings; The 1857 Revolt- causes, nature, course and consequences.

21. Indian Freedom struggle-the first phase: Growth of national consciousness; Formation of Associations; Establishment of the Indian National Congress and its Moderate phase;- Economic Nationalism; Swadeshi Movement; The growth of Extremism and the 1907 split in Congress; The Act of 1909 – the policy of Divide and Rule; Congress-League Pact of 1916.

22. Gandhi and his thought; Gandhian techniques of mass mobilisation-Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movement; Other strands in the National Movement-Revolutionaries, the Left, Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army.

23. Separatist Trends in Indian nationalist politics- the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha; The post -1945 developments; Partition and Independence.

24. India independents 1964. A parliamentary, secular, democratic republic the 1950 Constitution). Jawaharlal Nehrus vision of a developed, socialist society. Planning and state-controlled industrialization. Agrarian reforms. Foreign policy of Non-alignment. Border conflict with China, and Chinese aggression.

I Jurisprudence
1. Nature and concept of law.
2. Schools of Jurisprudence: Analytical, Historical, Philosophical, Sociological & Natural.
3. Administration of Justice: Theories of punishment.
4. Sources of Law: Custom, Precedent and Legislation.
5. A few basic Legal concepts: (j) Rights and Duties, (ii) Legal Personality, (iii) Ownership and Possession.

II Constitutional Law of India
1. Salient features of the Indian Constitution.
2. Preamble.
3. Fundamental.Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties.
4. Constitutional position and powers of President and Governors.
5. Supreme Court and High Courts: Jurisdiction, powers, appointment and transfer of judges.
6. Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions: Powers and functions.
7. Distribution of Legislative and Administrative Powers between the Union and the States.
8. Emergency Provisions.
9. Amendment of the Constitution.

III International Law:
1. Nature and definition of International Law.
2. Sources: Treaty, Custom, General Principles of Law recognised by civilised nations and subsidiary means of determination of law.
3. State Recognition and State Succession.
4. The United Nations, its objective, purpose and principal organs; Constitution, role and jurisdiction of International Court of Justice.
5. Protection of Human Rights:
(i) Provisions in the UN Charter, (ii) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948. (iii) International Convenant of Civil and Political Rights, 1966. (iv) International Convenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966.

IV Torts:
1. Nature and Definition of Tort.
2. Liability based on fault and strict liability.
3. Vicarious Liability including State Liability.
4. Joint Tort feasors.
5. Negligence.
6. Defamation.
7. Conspiracy
8. Nuisance.
9. False imprisonment.
10. Malicious Prosecution.

V Criminal Law:
1. General Principles of criminal liability: Mens rea and actus reus.
2. Preparation and criminal attempts
3. General Exceptions.
4. Joint and constructive liability.
5. Abetment
6. Criminal Conspiracy.
7. Sedition.
8. Murder and culpable homicide.
9. Theft, extortion, robbery and dacoity.
10. Misappropriation and Criminal Breach of Trust.

VI Law of Contract:
1. Definition of contract.
2. Basic elements of contract: Offer, acceptance, consideration, contractual capacity.
3. Factors vitiating consent.
4. Void, Voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.
5. Wagering agreements.
6. Contingent contracts.
7. Performance of contracts.
8. Dissolution of contractual obligations: frustration of contracts.
9. Quasi-contracts.
10. Remedies for breach of contract.

1. Algebra: Elements of Set Theory; Algebra of Real and Complex numbers including DeMoivress Theorem, Polynomials andPolynomial Equaltions, Relations between Coefficients and Roots, symmetric functions of roots; Elements of Group Theory; Sub-Group, Cyclic groups, Permutation, Groups and their elementary properties. Rings, Integral Domains and Fields and their elementary properties.

2. Vector Spaces and Matrices: Vector Space, Linear Dependence and Independence. Sub-spaces. Basis and Dimensions. Finite Dimensional Vector Spaces. Linear Transformation of a Finite Dimensional Vector Space, Matrix Representation. Singular and Nonsingular Transformations. Rank and Nullity.

Matrices: Addition, Multiplication, Determinants of a Matrix, Properties of Determinants of order in, Inverse of a Matrix, Cramers rule.

3. Geometry and Vectors: Analytic Geometry of straight lines and conies in Cartesian and Polar coordinates; Three Dimensional geometry for planes, straight lines, sphere, cone and cylinder. Addition, Subtraction and Products of Vectors and Simple applications to geometry.

4. Calculus: Functions, Sequences, Series, Limits, Continuity, Derivatives. Application of Derivatives: Rates of change. Tangents, Normals, Maxima, Minima, Rolles Theorem, Mean Value Theorems of Lagrange and Cauchy, Asymptotes, Curvature. Methods of finding indefinite integrals, Definite Integrals, Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus. Application of definite integrals to area, Length of a plane curve, Volume and Surfaces of revolution.

5. Ordinary Differential Equations: Order and Degree of a Differential Equation, First order differential Equations, Singular solution, Geometrical interpretation, Second order equations with constant coefficients.

6. Mechanics: Concepts of particle, lamina, rigid body, displacement, force, mass, weight, motion; velocity; speed; acceleration; parallelogram of forces; Parallelogram of velocity, acceleration; resultant; equilibrium of coplanar forces; Moments; Couples; Friction; Centre of mass, Gravity; Laws of motion; Motion of a particle in a straight line; Simple Harmonic Motion; Motion under conservative forces; Motion under gravity; Projectile; Escape velocity; Motion of artificial satellites.

7. Elements of Computer Programming: Binary system, Octal and Hexadecimal systems. Conversion to and from Decimal systems. Codes, Bits, Bytes and Words. Memory of a computer, Arithmetic and Logical operations on numbers. Precision. AND, OR, XOR, NOT and Shit/ Rotate operators, Algorithms and Flow Charts.

Statics: Simple applications of equilibrium equations.

Dynamics: Simple applications .of equations of motion, work, energy and power.

Theory of Machines: Simple examples of kinematic chains and their inversions. Different types of gears, bearings, governors, flywheels and their functions. Static and dynamic balancing of rigid rotors.
Simple vibration analysis of bars and shafts. Linear automatic control systems.

Mechanics of Solids: Stress, strain and Hookes Law. Shear and bending moments in beams. Simple bending and torsion of beams, springs and thin walled cylinders. Elementary concepts of elastic stability, mechanical properties and material testing.

Manufacturing Science: Mechanics of metal cutting, tool life, economics of machining, cutting tool materials. Basic types of machine tool and their processes. Automatic machine tools, transfer lines. Metal forming processes and machine – shearing, drawing, spinning, rolling, forging, extrusion. Types
of casting and welding methods. Powder metallurgy and processing of plastics.

Manufacturing Management: Methods and time study, motion economy and work space design, operation and flow process charts. Cost estimation, break¬even analysis. Location and layout of plants, material handling, Capital budgeting, job shop and mass production, scheduling, despatching, Routing Inventor).

Thermodynamics: Basic concepts, definitions and laws, heat, work and temperature. Zeroth law, temperature scales, behaviour of pure substances, equations of state, first law and its corollaries, second law and its corollaries. Analysis of air standard power cycles, carnot, otto, diesel, brayton cycles. Vapour power cycles, Rankine reheat and regenerative cycles, Refrigeration cycles – Bell Coleman, Vapour absorption and Vapour compression cycle analysis, open and closed cycle gas turbine with intercooling, reheating.

Energy Conservation: Flow of steam through nozzles, critical pressure ratio, shock formation and its effect. Steam Generators. Mountings and accessories. Impulse and reaction turbines, elements and layout of thermal power plants.

Hydraulic turbines and pumps, specific speed, layout of hydraulic power plants.

Introduction to nuclear reactors and power plants, handling of nuclear waste.

Refrigeration and air conditioning: Refrigeration equipment and operation and maintenance, refrigerants, principles of air conditioning, psychorometric chart, comfort zones, humidification and dehumidification.

Fluid Mechanics: Hydrostatics, continuity equation, Bernoullis theorem, flow through pipes, discharge measurement, laminar and turbulent flow, boundary layer concept.

Human Anatomy: General principles and basic structural concept of Gross Anatomy of hipjoint, heart, stomach, lungs, spleen, kidneys, uterus, ovary and adrenal glands.

Histological features of parotid gland, bronchi, testis, skin, bone and thyroid gland.

Gross anatomy of thalamus, internal capsule, cerebrum including their blood supply; functional localisation in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord, eye, ear, throat, cranial nerves.

Embryology of vertebral column, respiratory system and their congenital anomalies.

Human Physiology and Biochemistry: Neurophysiology: Sensor} receptors, reticular formation, cerebellum and basal ganglia.

Reproduction: Regulation of functions of male and female gonads.

Cardiovascular System: Mechanical and electrical properties of heart including E.C.G.; regulation of cardiovascular functions.

Gl System: bilirubin metabolism, liver function tests. Haematology: haemoglobin synthesis, abnormal haemoglobins. Respiration: Regulation of respiration. Digestion and absorption of fats. Metabolism of carbohydrates.

Renal Physiology: Tubular functions, regulation of pH. Nucleic acids: R.N.A., D.N.A, genetic code and protein synthesis.

Pathology and Microbiology:
Principles of inflammation.
Principles of carcinogenesis and tumour spread.
Coronary heart disease.
Infective diseases of Liver and gall bladder Pathogenesis of tuberculosis.

Immune system, immunological and serological test for collogen vascular disease. Histological diagnosis by fluroscent microscopy.

Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of diseases caused by Saemonella, Vibrio, Meningococcus and hepatitis virus.

Life cycle and laboratory diagnosis of Entamoeba; malarial parasite, Ascaris.

Medicine

Protein energy malnutrition
Medical management of: Coma, including cerebro-vascular accidents, status asthmaticus, cardio pulmonary arrest, status epilepticus, acute renal failure.

Clinical features, etiology and treatment of: Coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, pneumonia, cirrhosis of liver, amoebic liver absess, peptic ulcer, pycolonephritis, leprosy, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, poliomyelitis, meningitis, schizophrenia.

Surgery
Principles of surgical management of severely injured.

Process of fracture healing.
Malignant tumours of stomach and their surgical management.

Signs, symptoms, investigation and management of fractures of femur.
Principles of pre-operative and post-operative care.

Clinical manifestations, investigations and management of: Hydrpcephafus, Buergers disease, Appendicitis, Benign prostatic hypertrophy, Spina bifida, Bronchogenic carcinoma, Carcinoma breast, Carcinoma colon.

Clinical manifestations, investigations and surgical management of: Intestinal obstruction Acute, urinary retention, Spinal injury, Haemorrhagic shock, Pneumothorax, pericardia! tamponacie, haemetemesis.

Preventive and Social Medicine
Principles of epidemiology.
Health care delivery.
Concept and general principles of prevention of disease and promotion of health.
National health programmes.
Effects environmental Pollution on health.
Concept of balanced diet.
Family planning methods.