Section A: Problems of Philosophy

1. Substance and Attributes: Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Berkeleys criticism, Nyaya - Viasesika, Buddhist criticism of Pudgala.

2. God, Soul and the World: Thomas Acquinas, St. Augustine, Spinoza, Descartes, Nyaya-Vaisesika, Sankara, Ramanuja.

3. Universals: Realism and Nominalism (Plato, Aristotle, Berkeleys criticism of abstract ideas, Nyay-Vaisesika, Buddhism).

4. Bases of Knowledge: Pramanavada in Carvaka, Nyaya-Vaisesika, Buddhism, Advaita Vedanta.

5. Truth and Error: Correspondence Theory, Coherence theory, Pragmatic Theory; Khyativada (Anyathakhyati, Akhyati, Anivacaniyakhyati).

6. Matter and Mind: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz, Berkeley.

Section B: Logic

1. Truth and Validity.
2. Classification of sentences: Traditional and Modern.
3. Syllogism: Figures and Moods; Rules of syllogism (General and special) validation by Venn Diagrammes; Formal Fallacies.
4. Sentential Calculus: Symbolisation; Truth-Functions and their inter-definability; Truth Tables; Formal Proof.

Section C: Ethics
1. Statement of fact and statement of value.
2. Right and Good; Teleology and Deontology.
3. Psychological Hedonism.
4. Utilitarianism (Bentham; J.S. Mill).
5. Kantian Ethics.
6. Problem of the freedom of will.
7. Moral judgments: Descriptivism, Prescriptivism, Emotivism.
8. Niskamakarma: Sthitaprajna.
9. Jaina Ethics
10. Four Noble Truths and Eight fold path in Buddhism.
11. Gandhian Ethics: Satya, Ahimsa, Ends and Means.

1. Mechanics and Waves
Dimensional analysis. Newtons laws of motion and applications, variable mass systems, projectiles. Rotational dynamics-kinetic energy, angular momentum, theorems of moment of inertia and calculations in simple cases. Conservative forces, frictional forces. Gravitational potential and intensity due to spherical objects. Central forces, Keplers problem, escape velocity and artificial satellites (including GPS). Streamline motion, viscosity, Poiseuilles equation. Applications of Bernoullis equation and Stokes law.

Special relativity and Lorentz transformation-length contraction, time dilation, mass-energy relation.
Simple harmonic motion, Lissajous figures. Damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance. Beats, Phase and group velocities. Stationary waves, vibration of strings and air columns, longitudinal waves in solids. Doppler effect. Ultrasonics and applications.

2. Geometrical and Physical Optics.
Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermats principle. Matrix method in paraxial optics- thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses. Chromatic and spherical aberrations. Simple optical instruments-magnifier, eyepieces, telescopes and microscopes.

Huygens principle-reflection and refraction of waves. Interference of light-Youngs experiment, Newtons rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer. Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power. Fresnel diffraction-half-period zones and zone plate. Production and detection of linearly, circularly and elliprically polarised light. Double refraction, quarter-waves plates and half-wave plates. Polarizing sheets. Optical activity and applications. Raman & Rayleigh scattering and applications.

Elements of fibre optics-attenuation;, pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; material dispersion. Lasers, characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence. Focusing of laser beams and applications.

3. Heat and Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium and temperature. The zeroth law of thermodynamics. Heat and the first law of thermodynamics. Efficiency of Carnot engines. Entropy and the second law of. thermodynamics. Kinetic theory and the equation of state of an ideal gas. Mean free path, distribution of molecular speeds and energies. Transport phenomena. Andrews experiments-van der Waals equation and applications. Joule-Kelvin effect and applications. Brownian motion. Thermodynamic potentials-Maxwell relations. Phase transitions. Kirchhbffs laws. Black-body radiation-Stefan-Boltzmann law, spectrai radiancy, Wien displacement law, application to the cosmic microwave background radiation, Planck radiation law.

4. Electricity and Magnetism
Electric charge, Coulombs law, electric field, Gauss law. Electric potential, van de Graff accelerator. Capacitors, dielectrics and polarization. Ohms law, Kirchhoffs first and second rules, resistors in series and parallel, applications to two-loop circuits. Magnetic field-Gauss law for magnetism, atomic and nuclear magnetism, magnetic susceptibility, classification of magnetic materials. Circulating charges, cyclotron, synchrotron. Hall effect. Biot-Savart law, Amperes Saw, Faradays law of induction., Lenzs law. Inductance. Alternating current circuits-RC, LR, single-loop LRC circuits, impedance, resonance, power in AC circuits. Displacement current, Maxwells equations (MKS units), electromagnetic waves, energy transport and Poynting Vector.

5. Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Photoelectric effect, Einsteins photon theory. Bohrs theory of hydrogen atom. Stern-Gerlach experiment, quantisation of angular momentum, electron spin. Pauli exclusion principle and applications. Zeeman effect. X-ray spectrum, Braggs law, Bohrs theory of the Mosley plot. Compton effect, Compton wavelength. Wave nature of matter, de Broglie wavelength, wave-particle duality. Heisenbergs uncertainty relationships. Schroedingers equation-eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of (i) particle in a box, (ii) simple harmonic oscillator and (iii) hydrogen atom. Potential step and barrier penetration. Natural and artificial radioactivity. Binding energy of nuclei, nuclear fission and fusion. Classification of elementary particles and their interactions.

6. Electronics
Diodes in half-waves and full-wave rectification, qualitative ideas of semiconductors, p type and n type semiconductors, junction diode, Zener diode, transistors, binary numbers, Logic gates and truth tables, Elements of microprocessors and computers.

1. Political Science: Nature & scope of the discipline, relationship with allied disciplines like History, Economics, Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology.
2. Meaning of Politics: Approaches to the study of Politics.
3. Key Concepts: State, Society, Sovereignty, Power, Citizenship, Nation, ) Global order and Imperialism.
4. Political Ideas: Rights, Liberty, Equality, Justice, Rule of Law. Civil Society Swaraj, Revolution, Democratic Participation.
5. Democracy: Meaning and Theories of Democracy, Electoral system, Forms of Representation & Participation, Political accountability.
6. Political Ideologies: liberalism, Neoliberalism, Marxism, Socialism, Fascism, Gandhism.
7. Party System and Political Process: Therories of Party System, National and regional parties, Political Parties in the Third World. Patterns of coalition politics, interest and pressure groups.
8. Forms of Government: Parliamentary and Presidential. Federal & unitary Modes of decentralisation.
9. Bureaucracy Concept: Theories, Weber and critiques of Bureaucracy.
10. Theories of Development: Meaning and various approaches. Concept and Theories of underdevelopment Debates; in the Third World.
11. Social Movements: Meaning, Theories & Forms, Role of Environmental Feminist Peasant & workers movements, Role of Non Government organisation.
12. Nationalism and Internationalism:
13. Major theories of International relations: Realist Marxist, Systems & Decision making & Game theory.
14. State & the Global order: neo-Liberalism, globalisation, structural adjustment, regional economic integration, Nature and Impact of globalisation.

Indian Government and Politics

1. Approaches to the study of Governments: Comparative historical, legal institutional, political economy and political sociology, approaches.
2. Classification of Political systems: Democratic and Authoritarian, characteristics of Political systems in the third world.
3. Typologies of constitutions; Basic features of these constitutions & governments: including U.K., USA. France, Germany, China, and South Africa.
4. Constitutional development: in India during British Rule-A historical perspective.
5. Constituent Assembly: philosophical and socio-economic dimensions. Salient features of the Indian Constitution.
6. Nature of Indian federalism: Centre-state relations, legislative, administrative, financial and political; politics of regional move and National Integration.
7. Fundamental Rights: Constitutional provisions and political dynamics. Judicial Interpretations and socio political realities; Fundamental Duties.
8. The Union Executive: President, Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, Constitutional provisions & framework and political trends.
9. Parliament: Powers and functions of the Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha; Parliamentary Committees; Functioning of the Parliamentary system in India.
10. The Judiciary: The Supreme Court, Judicial Review Judicial Activism, Public Interest Litigation; Judicial Reforms.
11. The State Executive: Governor, Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers; Constitutional Provisions and Political trends.
12. Indian Party System: Evolution and Contemporary trends; coalition government at the Centre and States, pressure groups in Indian politics.
13. The interaction of Government & Scientific & Technology business: Previous and now their inter relationship and changing roles in Society, Elites, Role of Pressure groups class and voluntary associations in society.
14. Local Government & Politics: PanchayH Raj and Municipal Government, structure power & functions. Political realities, significance of 73rd and 74th Amendments, role of women in Panchayats.
15. Bureaucracy and Development: Post-colonial India; its changing role in the context of liberatis after, bureaucratic Accountability.
16. Challenges to Indian Democracy:
a) Communalism Regionalism violence, criminalisation and corruption.
b)* Regional disparities, environmental degradation, illiteracy, Mass Poverty, Population, growth, caste oppressions and socio economic inequalities among backward classes.

1. Introduction to Psychology:
Concept and definition of psychology. Nature and Scope. Branches of psychology. Application of psychology to society and social problems.

2. Methods in Psychology:
Characteristics of psychological studies, Observation. Survey method, Clinical and case study method. Experimental method. Application of the method.

3. Quantitative Analysis:
Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Correlation. Levels of measurement. Reliability and validity. Application in test construction.

4. Physiological Psychology:
Structure of neuron, nerve impulses, synapse and neurotransmitters. Central and peripheral nervous system-structure and neural control of behaviour. Hemispheric specialisation. Endocrine system and hormonal control of behaviour. Application of hemispheric knowledge to diagnostic purposes.

5. Development of human behaviour:
Individual Differences: Heredity and environment Life span development. Role of early experience and mastering of developmental tasks. Sensitive or critical periods of development in human life cycle and its application.

6. Perception:
Perceptual process. Perceptual organisation. Perception of form, colour, depth and time. Perceptual readiness and constancy. Role of motivation, social and cultural factors in perception. Application of knowledge of perception to skill development (e.g. for certain jobs like that of driving, airline pilots etc.)

7. Learning:
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Modelling and observational learning. Transfer of training. Learning and motivation. Application of the above to the improvement of academic performance in education.

8. Memory:
Physiological basis of memory. Memory and forgetting. Measurement of memory (Recall, Recognition, Relearning). Short term and long term memory. Theories of forgetting (Decay and Interference theories and Repressive forgetting). Application of Mnemonic devices etc, to improving memory.

9. Cognition and Language:
Concept of formation. Nature and development of thinking. Language and thought and acquisition of language. Problem solving. Creative thinking and its applications.

10. Intelligence and Aptitude:
Definition and concept. Theories and models of Intelligence. Measurement of intelligence and aptitude. Exceptional intelligence. Mental retardation. Concepts of multiple, emotional and artificial intelligence and their application.

11. Motivation and Emotion:
Definition and concept of instinct, needs, drives and motives. Theories of motivation and their application (drive reduction theory, Maslows motivational hierarchy). Social motivation: Achievement, power, affiliation motives and influence of early experiences. Physiological basis of emotion. Theories of emotion (James-Lange and Cannon-Brad theories, cognitive physiological theory).

12. Personality:
Concepts and Definition of personality. Study of personality (Trait, type and eclectic approaches) Development of personality (Freud, Erikson, Biological and socio-cultUral determinants). Measurement of Personality (Projective tests, pencil-paper tests). Application of personality profiles in fitting a person to a job.

13. Adjustment and Stress:
Concept and definition. Factors affecting adjustment (frustration and conflict). Sources of stress and reactions to stress. Coping with stress. Application of stress management techniques.

14. Social Behaviour:
Socio-cultural factors and behavioui. Development of attitudes, stereotypes and prejudice, Measurement of Attitudes (Thurstone, Likert attitude scale and Bogardus Social Distance scale). Strategies for reducing prejudice and changing attitude. Person perception, implicit personality theory and integrating impressions. Application of person perception to impression management.

15. Application of Psychology:
Health and mental health (yoga, meditation and relaxation therapies). Education (Programmed learning, self instructional learning and learning styles). Community (self help through group cohesiveness and leadership). Industry (Assessment centre approach in selection, recruitment and training). Environment (man-nature interaction, personal space concept, pollution reduction Information technology (Application to commercial, educational and health areas).

1. Introduction: Meaning, scope and significance. Evolution and status of the discipline. Comparative Public Administration and Development Administration. Public and Private Administration: State versus market debate. New Pubic Administration. New Public Management perspective.

2. Basic concepts and principles; Organisation, hierarchy, Unity of command, Span of control, Authority and Responsibility, Co-ordination, Centralization and Decentralization, Delegation, Supervision, Line and Staff.

3. Theories of Administration: Scientific Management (Taylor and the Scientific Management Movement), Classical Theory (Fayol, Urwick, Gulick and others) Bureaucratic Theory (Weber and his critics). Ideas of Mary Parker Follett and CI Barnard; Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others). Behavioral Approach, Systems approach.

4. Administrative Behaviour: Decision making with special reference to H Simon, communication and control, leadership theories. Theories of motivation (Maslow and Herzberg)

5. Accountability and Control: The concepts of Accountability and control: Legislative, executive and judicial control. Citizen and Administration: Role of civil society, peoples participation and Right to Information.

6. Administrative Systems: Comparative administrative features of USA, Great Britain and japan.

7. Personnel Administration: Role of Civil Service in developing societies; position classification, Recruitment, Training, Promotion, Pay and Service conditions. Relations with the Political Executive; Administrative Ethics.

8. Financial Administration: Budget: Concepts and forms. Formulation and execution of budget, deficit financing public debt, Accounts and Audit.

9. Union Government and Administration in India. British legacy: Constitutional context of Indian Administration; The President, Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers; Central Secretariat; Cabinet Secretariat, Prime Ministers Office, Planning Commission; Finance Commission; Election Commission.; Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. Public enterprises: Patterns, role performance and impact of liberlisation.

10. Civil Services in India: Recruitment to All India and Central Services, Union Public Service Commission; Training of Civil Servants. Generalists and Specialists. Minister-Civil Servant relationship.

11. State and District Administration: Governor, Chief Minister, Secretariat, Chief Secretary, Directorates, District Collector: changing role.

12. Local Government: Panchayati Raj and Urban local Government: Mam features, structures, finances and problem areas. 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments.

Unit I: Basic Concepts:
Society, community, association, institution. Culture-culture change, diffusion,
Cultural tag, Cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, acculturation.
Social Groups - Primary, secondary and reference groups.
Social structure, social system, social action.
Status and role, role conflict, role set.
Norms and values - conformity and deviance.
Law and customs.

Socio - cultural processes: Socialisation, assimilation, integration, co-operation, competition, conflict, accommodation, Social distance, relative deprivation.

Unit II: Marriage, Family and Kinship:
Marriage: Types and norms, marriage as contract, and as a sacrament.
Family: Types, functions and changes.
Kinships: Terms and usages, rules of residence, descent, inheritance.

Unit III: Social Stratification: Forms and functions; Caste and Class. Jajmani system, purity and pollution, dominant caste, sanskntisation.

Unit IV: Types of Society: Tribal, agrarian, industrial and post-industrial.

Unit V: Economy and Society: Man, nature and social production, economic systems of simple and complex societies, non-economic determinants of economic behaviour, market (free) economy and controlled (Planned) economy.

Unit VI: Industrial and Urban Society: Rural - Urban Continuum, urban growth and urbanisation - town, city and metropolis; basic features of industrial society; impact of automation on, society; industrialisation and environment.

Unit VII: Social Demography: Population size, growth, composition, and distribution in India; components of population growth - births, deaths and migration; causes and consequences of population growth; population and social development; population policy.

Unit VIII: Political Processes: Power, authority and legitimacy; political socialisation; pojitical modernisation, pressure groups; caste and politics.

Unit IX: Weaker Section and Minorities: Social justice - equal opportunity and special opportunity; protective discrimination; constitutional safeguards.

Unit X: Social Change: Theories of change; factors of change; science, technology and change. Social movements - Peasant Movement, Womens Movement, Backward Caste Movement, Dalit Movement.

Probability: Random experiment, sample space, event, algebra of events, probability on a discrete sample space, basic theorems of probability and simple examples based theorem, conditional probability of an event, independent events, Bayess theorem and its application, discrete and continuous random variables and their distributions, expectation, moments, moment generating function, joint distribution of two or more random variables, marginal and conditional distributions, independence of random variables, covariance, correlation, coefficient, distribution of a function of random variables, Bernoulli, binomial, geometric, negative binomial, hyper geometric, Poisson, multinomial, uniform, beta, exponential, gamma, Cauchy, normal, lognormal and bivariate normal distributions, real-life situations where these distributions provide appropriate models, Chebyshevs inequality, weak law of large numbers and central limit theorem for independent and identically distributed random variables with finite variance and their simple applications.

Statistical Methods: Concept of a statistical population and a sample, types of data, presentation and summarization of data, measure of central tendency, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis, measures of association and contingency, correlation, rank correlation, interclass correlation, correlation ratio, simple and multiple linear regression, multiple and partial correlations (involving three variables only), curve-fitting and principle of least squares, concepts of random sample, parameter and statistic, Z, X2, t and F statistics and their properties and applications, distributions of sample range and median (for continuous distribution only), censored sampling (concept and illustrations}.

Statistical Inference: Unbiasedness, consistency, efficiency, sufficiency, Completeness, minimum variance unbiased estimation, Rao-Blackwell theorem, Lehmann Scheffe theorem, Cramer-Rao inequality and minimum variance bound estimator, moments maximum likelihood, least squares and minimum chi-square methods of estimation, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, idea of a random interval, confidence intervals for the parameters of standard distributions, shortest confidence intervals, large-sample confidence intervals.

Simple and composite hypotheses, two kinds of errors, level of significance, size and power of a test, desirable properties of a good test, most powerful test, Neyman-Pearson lemma and its use in simple example, uniformly most powerful test, likelihood ratio test and its properties and applications.

Chi-square test, sign test, Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, run test for randomness, median test, Wilcoxon test and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitnev test.

Wais sequential probability ratio test, OC and ASN functions, application to binomial and normal distributions. Loss function, risk function, minimax and Bayes rules.

Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments: Complete enumeration vs. sampling, need for sampling, basic concepts in sampling, designing large-scale sample surveys, sampling and non-sampling errors, simple random sampling, properties of a good estimator, estimation of sample size, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling cluster sampling, ratio and regression methods of estimation under simple and stratified random sampling, double sampling for ratio and regression methods of estimation, two-stage sampling with equal-size first-stage units.

Analysis of variance with equal number of observations per cell in one, two and three-way classifications, analysis of convariance in one and two-way classifications, basic principles of experimental designs, completely randomized design, randomized block design, latin square design, missing plot technique, 2n factorial design, total and partial confounding, 32 factorial experiments, split-plot design and balanced incomplete block design.