1. . Atomic structure: Quantum theory, Heisenbergs uncertainty principle,
Schrodinger wave equation (time independent). Interpretation of wave function, particle in one-dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions. Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.

2. Chemical bonding: Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, factors affecting stability of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments. Valence bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy. Molecular orbital theory. (LCAO method); bonding in homonuciear molecules: H2+, H2 to N«,, NO, CO HF, CN, BeH2 and CO2. Comparison of valence bond and molecular orbital theories, bond order, bond strength and bond length.

3. Solid State: Forms of solids, law of constancy of inters facial angles, crystal systems and crystal classes (crystallographic groups). Designation of crvstal faces, lattice structures and unit cell. Laws of rational indices. Braggs law. X-ray diffraction by crystals. Close packing, radius ratio rules, calculation of same limiting radius ratio values. Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2, Cdl2 and rutile. Imperfections in crystals, stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semi¬conductors. Elementary study of liquid crystals.

4. The gaseous state: Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions, liquefication of gases and critical phenomena, Maxwells distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion.

5. Thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems, states and processes, work, heat and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics, work done on the systems and heat absorbed in different types of processes; calorimetry, energy and enthalpy changes in various processes and their temperature dependence.

Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various process, entropy-reversibility and irreversibility, free energy functions; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nemst heat theorem and third law of thermodynamics.
Micro and macro states; canonical ensemble and canonical partition function; electronic, rotational and vibrational partition functions and thermodynamic quantities; chemical equilibrium in ideal gas reactions.

6. Phase equilibria and solutions: Phase equilibria in pure substances; Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids-upper and lower critical solution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance and determination; excess thermodynamic functions and their determination.

7. Electrochemistry: Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various equilibrium and transport properties.

Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement of e.m.f. of cells and its applications fuel cells and batteries. Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current density; overpotential; electroanalytical techniques- voltametery, polarography, amperometry, cyctic-voltametry, ion selective electrodes and their use.

8. Chemical kinetics:- Concentration dependence of rate of reaction; differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions. Rate equation-involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant. Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods. Collisions and transition state theories.

9. Photochemistry: Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemical reactions between hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields.

10. Surface phenomena and catalysis: Adsorption from gages and solutions on solid adsorbents, adsorption isotherms-Langmuir and.B.E.T. isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.

11. Bio-inorganic chemistry: Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism), ionophores, photosynthesis-PSI, PSII; nitrogen fixation, oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferredoxins.

12. Coordination chemistry:
(a) Electronic configurations; introduction to theories of bonding in transition metal complexes. Valence bonds theory, crystal field theory and its modifications; application of theories in the explanation of magnetism and electronic spectra of metal complexes.
(b) Isomerism in coordination compounds. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chalet effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planar complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.
(c) Synthesis and structures of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds..
(d) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metai olefin complexes, alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordmative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and their characterization. Compounds with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters.

13. General Chemistry of T block elements
Lanthanides and actinides; separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction.

14. Non-Aqueous Solvents
Reactions in liquid NH3, HF, SO2 and H2SO4.
Failure of solvent system concept, coordination model of non-aqueous solvents. Some highly acidic media, fluorosulphuric acid and super acids.

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Part-A: Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials and Structural analysis.

Engineering Mechanics: Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of particle and rigid body. Concurrent, Non-concurrent and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force and Varignons theorem, free body diagram, conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent force system.

First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia. Static Friction, Inclined Plane and bearings. Kinematics and Kinetics: Kinematics in Cartesian and Polar Co-ordinates, morion under uniform and non-uniform acceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle: Momentum and Energy principles, D Alemberts Principle, Collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies, simple harmonic motion, Flywheel.

Strength of Materials: Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compression members, Shear force and bending moment, theory of simple bending, Shear Stress distribution across cross-sections, Beams of uniform strength, Leaf spring. Strain Energy in direct stress, bending & shear.

Deflection of beams: Mecaulays method, Mohrs Moment area method, Conjugate beam method, unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Transmission of power, close coiled helical springs, Elastic stability of columns, Eulers Rankines and Secant formulae. Principal Stresses and Strains in two dimensions, Mohrs Circle, theories of Elastic Failure, thin and thick cylinder: Stresses due to internal and external pressure-Lames equations.

Structural Analysis: Castiglianios theorems I, and Ti, unit load method of consistent deformation applied to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, moment distribution, Kanis method of analysis and column Analogy method applied to indeterminate beams and rigid frames.

Rolling loads and Influences lines: Influences lines for Shear Force and Bending moment at a section of beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending Moment in beams traversed by a system of moving loads. Influences lines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses.

Arches: Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature effects, influence lines in arches.

Matrix methods of analysis: Force method and displacement method of analysis of indeterminate beams and rigid frames. Plastic Analysis of beams and fames: Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method, Mechanism method.

Unisymmetrial bending-Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis and Principle axes, calculation of bending stresses.

Part-B: Design of Structures: Steel, Concrete and Masonry structures. Structural steel Design:
Structural Steel: Factors of safety and load factors. Riveted, bolted and welded joints and connections. Design of tension and compression member, beams of built up section, riveted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, stanchions with battens and lacings, slab and gusseted column bases. Design of highway and railway bridges: Through and deck type plate girder, Warren girder, Pratt truss.

Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures: Concept of mix design. Reinforced concrete: Working Stress and Limit State method of design-Recommendations of l.S. codes of one way and two way slabs, staircase slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular, T and L sections. Compression members under direct load with or without eccentricity, Isolated and combined footings.

Cantilever and Counter for type retaining walls.

Water tanks: Design requirements for Rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground.

Prestressed concrete: Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis and design of sections for flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress. Design of brick masonry as per I. S. codes Design of masonry retaining walls.

Part-C: Fluid mechanics, Open Channel Flow and Hydraulic Machines
Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forces acting on plane and curve surfaces. Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow: Velocity and accelerations, stream lines, equation of continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream functions, flownet, methods of drawing flownet, sources and sinks, flow separation, free and forced vortices.

Control volume equation, continuity, momentum, energy and moment of momentum equations from control volume equation, Navier-Stokes equation, Eulers equation of motion, application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, plane, curved, stationary and moving vanes, sluice gates, weirs, orifice meters and Venturi meters.

Dimensional Analysis and Similitude: Buckinghams Pi-theorem, ,dimensionless parameters, similitude theory, model laws, undistorted and distorted models.

Laminar Flow: Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving plates, flow through tube.

Boundary layer: Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sublayer, smooth and rough boundaries, drag and lift.

Turbulent flow through pipes: Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution and variation of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and total energy line, siphons, expansion and contractions in pipes, pipe networks, water hammer in pipes and surge tanks.

Open channel flow: Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy correction factors, specific energy and specific force, critical depth, resistance equations and variation of roughness coefficient, rapidly varied flow, flow in contractions, flow at sudden drop, hydraulic jump and its applications surges and waves, gradually varied flow, classification of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied flow equation, moving surges and hydraulic bore.

(c) Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower; Centrifugal pumps-Types, characteristics, Net Positive Suction Height (NPSH), specific speed. Pumps in parallel.

Reciprocating pumps, Airvessels, Hydraulic ram, efficiency parameters, Rotary and positive displacement pumps, diaphragm and jet pumps.

Hydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines, performance parameters, controls, characteristics, specific speed.

Principles of hydropower development. Type; layouts and Component works. Surge tanks, types and choice. Flow .duration curves and dependable flow. Storage an pondage. Pumped storage plants. Special features of mini, micro-hydel plants.

Part-D: Geo-Technical Engineering
Types of soil, phase relationships, consistency limits particles size distribution, classifications of soil, structure and clay mineralogy.

Capillary water and structural water, effective stress and pore water pressure, Darcys Law, factors affecting permeability, determination of permeability, permeability of stratified soil deposits.

Seepage pressure, quick sand condition, compressibility and consolidation, Terzaghis theory of one-dimensional consolidation, consolidation test.

Compaction of soil, field control of compaction. Total stress and effective stress parameters, pore pressure coefficients.

Shear strength of soils, Mohr Coulomb failure theory, Shear tests.

Earth pressure at rest, active and passive pressures, Rankines theory, Coulombs wedge theory, earth pressure on retaining wall, sheetpile walls, Braced excavation. Bearing capacity, Terzaghi and other important theories, net and gross bearing pressure.immediate and consolidation settlement. Stability of slope, Total Stress and Effective Stress methods, Conventional methods of slices, stability number.
Subsurface exploration, methods of boring, sampling, perpetration tests, pressure meter tests.

Essential features of foundation, types of foundation, design criteria, choice of type of foundation, stress distribution in soils, Boussinessqs theory, Newmarkss chart, pressure bulb, contact pressure, applicability of different bearing capacity theories, evaluation of -bearing capacity from field tests, allowable bearing capacity, Settlement analysis, allowable settlement.

Proportioning of footing, isolated and combined footings, rafts, buoyancy rafts, Pile foundation, types of piles, pile capacity, static and dynamic analysis, design of pile groups, pile load test, settlement of piles, lateral capacity. Foundation for Bridges. Ground improvement techniques-preloading, sand drains, stone column, grouting, soil stabilisation.

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Accounting & Finance

Financial Accounting

Accounting as a financial information system; Impact of behavioural science. Accounting Standards e.g., accounting for depreciation, inventories, gratuity, research and development costs, long term construction contracts, revenue recognition, fixed assets, contingencies, foreign exchange transactions, investments and government grants.

Advanced problems of company accounts. Amalgamation absorption and reconstruction of companies. Valuation of shares and goodwill.

Cost Accounting
Nature and functions of cost accounting.
Job Costing.
Process Costing.
Marginal Costing; Techniques of segregating semi-variable costs into fixed and variable costs.
Cost-volume-profit relationship; aid to decision making including pricing decisions, shutdown etc.
Techniques of cost control and cost reduction.
Budgetary control, flexible budgets.
Standard costing and variance analysis.
Responsibility accounting, investment, profit and cost centres.

Taxation
Definitions
Basis of charge.
Incomes which do not form part of total income.
Simple problems of computation of income under various heads, i.e., salaries, income from house property, profits and gains from business or profession, capital gains, income of other persons included in assessees total income.
Aggregation of income and set off/carry forward of loss.
Deductions to be rhade in computing total income.

Auditing
Audit of cash transactions, expenses, incomes, purchases, sales.
Valuation and verification of assets with special reference to fixed assets, stocks and debts.
Verification of liabilities.
Audit of limited companies; appointment, removal, powers, duties and liabilities of company auditor, significance of true and fare, MAOCARO report.
Auditors report and qualifications therein. Special points in the audit of different organisations like clubs, hospitals, colleges, charitable societies.

Part - II: Business Finance and Financial Institutions
Finance Function - Nature, Scope and Objectives of Financial Management -Risk and Return relationship.
Financial Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool.

Management of Working Capital and its Components - Forecasting working capital needs, inventory, debtors cash and credit management.

Investment Decisions - Nature and Scope of Capital Budgeting - Various types of decisions including Make or Buy and Lease or Buy - Techniques of Appraisal and their application-Consideration of Risk and Uncertainty - Analysis of Non-financial Aspects.

Rate of Return on Investments - Required Rate of Return - its measurement - Cost of Capital - Weighted Average Cost - Different Weights.

Concepts of Valuation - Valuation of firms Fixed Income Securities and Common Stocks.

Dividend and Retention Policy - Residual Theory or Dividend Policy - Other Models - Actual Practices.

Capital Structure - Leverages - Significance of Leverages - Theories of Capital Structure with special reference to Modighani and Miller approach. Planning the Capital Structure of a Cojmpany; EBIT-EPS Analysis, Cash-flow ability to service debt, Capital Structure Ratios, other methods.

Raising finance - Short term and long term. Bank finance - norm* and conditions.

Financial Distress - Approaching BIFR under Sick Industrial Undertakings Act: Concept of Sickness, Potential Sickness, Cash Loss, Erosion of Networth.

Money Markets - The purpose of Money Markets, Money Market in India -Organization and working of Capital markets in India - Organization, Structure and Role of Financial Institutions in India. Banks and Investing Institutions - National and International Financial Institutions - their norms and types,of financial assistance provided - Inter-bank Lending-its regulation, supervision and control. System of Consortium - Supervision and regulation of banks.
Monetary and Credit policy of Reserve Bank of India.

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1. Ricardian, Marshallian and Walrasain approaches to price determination. Types of Markets and price determination. Criteria orWelfare improvement. Alternate theories of distribution.

2. Functions of money - Measurement of price level changes - Money and real balances - Monetary standards - High - powered money and the Quantity theory of money, its variants and critiques thereof - Demand for and supply of money - The money multiplier. Theories of determination of interest rate - Interest and prices - Theories of inflation and control of inflation.

3. Full employment and Says Law - underemployment equilibrium -Keynes Theory of employment (and income) determination - Critiques of Keynesian Theory.

4. The modern monetary system - Banks, non-bank financial intermediaries, Discount House, and Central Bank. Structure of Money and financial markets and control. Money market instruments, bills and bonds. Real and nominal interest rates. Goals and instruments of monetary management in closed and open economies. Relation between the Central Bank and the Treasury. Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money.

5. Public finance and its role in market economy in stabilisation, supply stability, allocative efficiency, distribution and development. Sources of revenue - Forms of Taxes and subsidies, their incidence and effects; Limits to taxation, loans, crowding - out effects, and limits to borrowing. Types of budget deficits - Public expenditure and its effects.

6. International Economics
(i) Old and New theories of International Trade.
a) Comparative advantage, Terms of trade and offer curve.
b) Product cycle and Strategic trade theories.
c) Trade as an engine of growth and theories of underdevelopment in an open economy.

(ii) Forms of protection.
(iii) Balance of Payments Adjustments: Alternative Approaches
a) Price versus income, income adjustments under fixed exchange rates.
b) Theories of policy mix.
c) Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility.
d) Floating Rates and their implications for developing countries; Currency Boards.

(iv) (a) IMF and the World Bank.
(b) W.T.O.
(c) Trade Blocks and monetary unions.

7. Growth and development.
(i) Theories of growth: Classical and neo-classical theories; The Harrod model; economic development under surplus Labour; wage-goods as a constraint on growth; relative importance of physical and human capitals in growth; innovations and development; Productivity, its growth and source of changes thereof. Factors determining savings to income ratio and the capital-out put ratio.

(ii) Main features of growth: Changes in Sectoral compositions of income; Changes in occupational distribution; changes in income distribution; changes in consumption levels and patterns; changes in savings and investment and in pattern of investment. Case for and against industralization. Significance of agriculture in developing countries.

(iii) Relation between state, planning and growth, Changing roles of market and plans in growth economic policy and growth.

(iv) Role of foreign capital and technology in growth. The significance of multinationals.

(v) Welfare indicators and measures of growth - Human development indices - The basic needs approach.

(vi) Concept of sustainable development; convergence of levels of living of developed and developing countries; meaning of self-reliance in growth and development.

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Electrical Circuits-Theory and Applications: Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods: nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basis network theorems and applications; transient analysis: RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and applications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions. Elements of network synthesis. Filter-theory: design and applications. Active filters. Circuit simulation: Input formats; methods of education formulation; solution of equations; output formats; SPICE.

Signals & Systems: Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/ difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT prossing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.

E.M. Theory: Maxwells equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of plane waves. Transmission line: Distributed parameter circuits, Travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart. Waveguides: parallel plane guide, TE, TM and TEM waves, rectangular and cylindrical wave guides, resonators, Planar transmission lines; stripline, microstripline.

Analog Electronics: Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode, circuits clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers: single and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation; single transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Power Supplies.

Digital Electronics: Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers.
Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PL A, FPGA).

Energy Conversion: Principles of electromechanical energy conversion: Torque and e.m.f. in rotating machines. DC machines: characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors.

Transformers: principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines: Characteristics and performance analysis; speed control. Special machines: Stepper motors, brushless DC motors, permanent magnet motors single-phase motors; FHP.

Power Electronics and Electric Drives: Semiconductor power devices: diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters; fully-con trolled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; basic concepts of speed control of dc and a. c. motor drives.
Applications of variable-speed drives.

Analog Communication: Random variables: continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise; white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; single to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation: Amplitude modulation: DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and frequency modulation: PM & FM signals; narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Pre-emphasis. CW modulation system: Superheterodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver. Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.

Microwaves and Antenna: Electromagnetic radiation, Propagation of waves: ground waves, sky wave, space wave, tropospheric scatter propagation. Extraterrestrial communications. Antenna: Various types, gain, resistance, bandwidth, beam-width and polarization, effect of ground. Antenna coupling; high frequency antennas; microwave antennas; special purpose antennas. Microwave Services: Klystron, magnetron, TWT, gun diodes, Impatt, Bipolar and FETs, Microwave integrated circuits. Microwave measurements.

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PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY

Section-A: Physical Geography

1) Geomorphology: Factors controlling Iandform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; origin and evolution of the earths crust; physical conditions of the earths interior; geosyndines; continental drift; isostasy; sea-floor spreading; plate tectonics; mountain building; volcanicity; earthquakes; concepts of geomorphic cycles; landforms associated with fluvial, arid, glacial, coastal and karst cycle; groundwater; Applied Geomorphology.

2) Climatology: Temperature and pressure belts of the world; heat budget of the earth; atmospheric circulation; planetary and local winds; monsoons and jetstreams; air masses and fronts; temperate and tropical cyclones; types and. distribution of precipitation; Koppens and Thornthwaites classification of world climate; hydrological cycle; climatic change.

3) Oceanography: Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; temperature and salinity of the oceans; ocean deposits; oven currents and tides; marine resources-biotic, mineral and energy resources; coral reefs; sea-level changes.

4) Biogeography: Genesis of soils; classification and distribution of soils; soil profile; soil erosion and conservation; factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; problems of deforestation and conservation measures; social forestry, agro-forestry.

5) Environmental Geography: Human ecological adaptations; transformation of nature by man; environmental degradation and conservation; ecosystems and their management; global ecological
imbalances-problems of pollution; global warming, reduction in bio¬diversity and depletion of forests.

Human Geography

1) Perspectives in Human Geography: A real differentiation; regional synthesis; dichotomy and dualism; environmentalism; quantitative revolution and locational analysis; radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches; cultural regions of the world; human development indicators.

2) Economic Geography: World economic development-measurement and problems; world resources and their distribution; energy crisis; the limits to growth; world agriculture-typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; food and nutrition problems; famine-causes, effects and remedies; world industries-location patterns and problems; patterns of world trade.

3) Population and Settlement Geography: Growth and distribution of world population; demographic attributes; causes and consequences of migration; concepts of over-, under and optimum population; World population problems.

Types and patterns of rural settlements; hierarchy of urban settlements; concept of primate city and rank-size rule; functional classification of towns; sphere of urban influence; rural-urban fringe; satellite town; problems of urbanization.

4) Regional Planning: Concept of a region; types of regions and methods of regionalisation; growth centres and growth poles; regional imbalances; environmental issues in regional planning; planning for sustainable development.

5) Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography: System analysis in Human Geography; Malthusian, Marxian and Demographic Transition models; Central Place theories of Chnstaller and Losch; Von Thunens model of agricultural location; Webers model of industrial location; Rostovs model of stages of growth. Heartland and Rimland theories; laws of international boundaries and frontiers.

Note: Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects covered by this paper.

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Section-A

(i) General Geology

The Solar System, meteorities, origin and interior of the earth. Radioactivity and age of earth; Volcanoes- causes and products, volcanic belts. Earthquakes-causes, effects, earthquake belts, seismicity of India, intensity and magnitude, seismongraphs! Island arcs, deep sea trenches and mid-ocean ridges. Continental drift-evidences and mechanics; seafloor spreading, plate tectonics, isostasy, orogeny and epeirogeny. Continents and oceans.

(ii) Geomorphology and Remote Sensing
Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and mass wasting. Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomqrphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology. Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering,, hydrology and environmental studies. Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent.

Aerial photographs and their interpretstion-mertis and limitations. The Electronmagnetic Spectrum. Orbiting satellites and sensor systems. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites. Satellites data products. Applications of remote sensing in geology. The Geographic Information System and its applications. Global Positioning System.

(iii) Structural geology
Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, stress and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials. Strain markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of minerals # and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults classification and mechanics. Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities. Superposed deformation. Time-relationship between crystallization and deformation. Introduction to petrofabrics.

(iv) Paleontology
Species- definition and nomenclature. Megafossils and Mtcrofossils. Modes of preservation of fossils. Different kinds of microfossils. Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies. Morphology, geological history and evolutionary trend in Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Brachiopoda, Echinoidea and Anthozoa. Sh-atigraphic utility of Ammonoidea, Trilobita and Graptoloidea. Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna. Gondwana flora and its importance.

(v) Stratigraphy and Geology of India
Classification of stratigraphic sequences: Iithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chro-nostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships. Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India. Shady of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems-Cambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/ Pleistocene. Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past. Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.

(vi) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology: Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water. Movement of subsurface water. Springs. Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers. Water-bearing characteristics of rocks. Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of wells. Drainage basin morphometry. Exploration for groundwater. Groundwater recharge. Problems and management of groundwater. Rainwater harvesting. Engineering properties of rocks. Geological investigations for dams, tunnels and bridges. Rock as construction material. Alkali-aggregate reaction. Landslides-causes, prevention and rehabilitation. Earthquake-resistant structures.

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