Paper- I

PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY

Section-A: Physical Geography

1) Geomorphology: Factors controlling Iandform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; origin and evolution of the earths crust; physical conditions of the earths interior; geosyndines; continental drift; isostasy; sea-floor spreading; plate tectonics; mountain building; volcanicity; earthquakes; concepts of geomorphic cycles; landforms associated with fluvial, arid, glacial, coastal and karst cycle; groundwater; Applied Geomorphology.

2) Climatology: Temperature and pressure belts of the world; heat budget of the earth; atmospheric circulation; planetary and local winds; monsoons and jetstreams; air masses and fronts; temperate and tropical cyclones; types and. distribution of precipitation; Koppens and Thornthwaites classification of world climate; hydrological cycle; climatic change.

3) Oceanography: Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; temperature and salinity of the oceans; ocean deposits; oven currents and tides; marine resources-biotic, mineral and energy resources; coral reefs; sea-level changes.

4) Biogeography: Genesis of soils; classification and distribution of soils; soil profile; soil erosion and conservation; factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; problems of deforestation and conservation measures; social forestry, agro-forestry.

5) Environmental Geography: Human ecological adaptations; transformation of nature by man; environmental degradation and conservation; ecosystems and their management; global ecological
imbalances-problems of pollution; global warming, reduction in bio¬diversity and depletion of forests.

Section B

Human Geography

1) Perspectives in Human Geography: A real differentiation; regional synthesis; dichotomy and dualism; environmentalism; quantitative revolution and locational analysis; radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches; cultural regions of the world; human development indicators.

2) Economic Geography: World economic development-measurement and problems; world resources and their distribution; energy crisis; the limits to growth; world agriculture-typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; food and nutrition problems; famine-causes, effects and remedies; world industries-location patterns and problems; patterns of world trade.

3) Population and Settlement Geography: Growth and distribution of world population; demographic attributes; causes and consequences of migration; concepts of over-, under and optimum population; World population problems.

Types and patterns of rural settlements; hierarchy of urban settlements; concept of primate city and rank-size rule; functional classification of towns; sphere of urban influence; rural-urban fringe; satellite town; problems of urbanization.

4) Regional Planning: Concept of a region; types of regions and methods of regionalisation; growth centres and growth poles; regional imbalances; environmental issues in regional planning; planning for sustainable development.

5) Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography: System analysis in Human Geography; Malthusian, Marxian and Demographic Transition models; Central Place theories of Chnstaller and Losch; Von Thunens model of agricultural location; Webers model of industrial location; Rostovs model of stages of growth. Heartland and Rimland theories; laws of international boundaries and frontiers.

Note: Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects covered by this paper.

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PAPER-l

Section-A

(i) General Geology

The Solar System, meteorities, origin and interior of the earth. Radioactivity and age of earth; Volcanoes- causes and products, volcanic belts. Earthquakes-causes, effects, earthquake belts, seismicity of India, intensity and magnitude, seismongraphs! Island arcs, deep sea trenches and mid-ocean ridges. Continental drift-evidences and mechanics; seafloor spreading, plate tectonics, isostasy, orogeny and epeirogeny. Continents and oceans.

(ii) Geomorphology and Remote Sensing
Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and mass wasting. Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomqrphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology. Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civil engineering,, hydrology and environmental studies. Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent.

Aerial photographs and their interpretstion-mertis and limitations. The Electronmagnetic Spectrum. Orbiting satellites and sensor systems. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites. Satellites data products. Applications of remote sensing in geology. The Geographic Information System and its applications. Global Positioning System.

(iii) Structural geology
Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, projection diagrams, stress and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials. Strain markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of minerals # and rocks under deformation conditions. Folds and faults classification and mechanics. Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults, unconformities. Superposed deformation. Time-relationship between crystallization and deformation. Introduction to petrofabrics.

Section-B

(iv) Paleontology
Species- definition and nomenclature. Megafossils and Mtcrofossils. Modes of preservation of fossils. Different kinds of microfossils. Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies. Morphology, geological history and evolutionary trend in Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Brachiopoda, Echinoidea and Anthozoa. Sh-atigraphic utility of Ammonoidea, Trilobita and Graptoloidea. Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae and Proboscidae. Siwalik fauna. Gondwana flora and its importance.

(v) Stratigraphy and Geology of India
Classification of stratigraphic sequences: Iithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chro-nostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships. Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocks of India. Shady of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks of India with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance. Major boundary problems-Cambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary and Pliocene/ Pleistocene. Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past. Tectonic framework of India. Evolution of the Himalayas.

(vi) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology: Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water. Movement of subsurface water. Springs. Porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient, classification of aquifers. Water-bearing characteristics of rocks. Groundwater chemistry. Salt water intrusion. Types of wells. Drainage basin morphometry. Exploration for groundwater. Groundwater recharge. Problems and management of groundwater. Rainwater harvesting. Engineering properties of rocks. Geological investigations for dams, tunnels and bridges. Rock as construction material. Alkali-aggregate reaction. Landslides-causes, prevention and rehabilitation. Earthquake-resistant structures.

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Paper-I

Section-A

1. Sources and approaches to study of early Indian history.

2. Early pastoral and agricultural communities. The archaeological evidence.

3. The Indus Civilization: its origins, nature and decline.

4. Patterns of settlement, economy, social organization and religion in India (c. 2000 to 500 B.C.): archaeological perspectives.

5. Evolution of North Indian society and culture: evidence of Vedic texts (Samhitas to Sutras).
6. Teachings of Mahavira and Buddha. Contemporary society. Early phase of state formation and urbanization.

7. Rise of Magadha; the Mauryan empire. Ashokas inscriptions; his dhamma. Nature of the Mauryan state.

8-9 Post-Mauryan period in northern and peninsular India: Political and administrative history,. Society, economy, culture and religion. Tamilaham and its society: the Sangam texts.

10-11 India in the Gupta and post-Gupta period (to c. 750): Political history of northern and peninsular India; Samanta system and changes in political structure; economy; social structure; culture; religion.

12. Themes in early tndian cultural history: languages and texts; major stages in the evolution of art and architecture; major philosophical thinkers and schools; ideas in science and mathematics.

Section-B

13. India, 750-1200: Polity, society and economy. Major dynasties and political structures in North India. Agrarian structures. Indian feudalism- Rise of Rajputs. The Imperial Cholas and their contemporaries in Peninsular India. Village communities in the South. Conditions of women. Commerce mercantile groups and guilds; towns. Problem of coinage. Arab conquest of Sind; the Ghaznavide empire.

14. India, 750-1200: Culture, Literature, Kalhana, historian. Styles of temple architecture; sculpture. Religious thought and institutions: Sankaracharyas vedanta. Ramanuja. Growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India. Sufism, Indian science. Alberuni and his study of Indian science and civilization.

15. The 13th Century. The Ghorian invasions. Factors behind Ghorian success. Economic, social and cultural consequences. Foundation of Delhi Sultanate. The slave Dynasty. Iltutmish; Balban. The Khalji Revolution. Early Sultanate architecture.

16. The 14th Century. Alauddin Khaljis conquests, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughluqsmajor projects. Firuz Tughluqs concessions and public works. Decline of the Sultanate. Foreign contacts: Ibn Battuta.

17. Economy society and culture in the 13th and 14th centuries. Caste and slavery under sultanate. Technological changes. Sultanate architecture. [Persian literature: Amir Khusrau, Historiography; Ziya Barani. Evolution of a composite culture. Sufism in North India. Lingayats. Bhakti schools in the south.

18. The 15th and early l6th Century (Political History). Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat, Malwa, Bahmanids. The Vijayanagra Empire. Lodis. Mughal Empire, First phase: Babur, Humayun. The Sur Empire: Sher Shahs administration. The Portuguese colonial enterprise.

19. The 15th and early 16th Century (society, economy and culture). - Regional cultures and literatures, provincial architectural styles. Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire.
Monotheistic movements: Kabir and Guru Nanak. Bhakti Movements: Chaitanya. Sufism in its pantheistic phase.

20. Akbar: His conquests and consolidation of empire. Establishment of jagir and mansab systems. His Rajput policy. Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious policy. Abul FazI, thinker and historian. Court patronage of art and technology.

21. Mughal empire in the 17th Century. Major policies (administrative and religious) of jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. The Empire and the Zamindars. Nature of the Mughal state. Late 17th Century crisis: Revolts. The Ahom kingdom, Shivaji and the early maratha kingdom.

22. Economy and society, 16th and 17th Centuries. Population. Agricultural and craft production! Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies- a trade revolution. Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit systems. Conditions of peasants, famines. Condition of Women.

23. Culture during Mughal Empire. Persian literature (including historical works). Hindi and religious literatures. Mughal architecture. Mughal painting. Provincial schools of architecture and painting. Classical music. Science and technology. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Mystic eclecticism: Dara Shukoh. Vaishnav Bhakti. Maharashtra Dhanna. Evolution of the Sikh community (Khalsa).

24. First half of 18th Century: Factors behind decline of the Mughal Empire. The regional principalities (Nizams Deccan, Bengal, Awadh). Rise of Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas. The Maratha. fiscal and financial system. Emergency of Afghan Power. Panipat, 1761. Internal weakness, political cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest.

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PAPER-I

Section-A

Constitutional Law of India
1. Nature of the Indian Constitution: the distinctive features of its federal character.
2. Fundamental Rights.
3. Relationship between Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties.
4. Constitutional Position of the President and relation with the Council of Ministers.
5. Governor and his Powers.
6. Appointment and Transfer of judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
7. Supreme Court and High Courts: Powers and Jurisdiction.
8. Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions: Powers and Functions.
9. Distribution of Legislative Powers between the Union and the States.
10. Administrative Relationship between Union and the States.
11. Emergency Provisions
12. Givil Servants: Constitutional safeguards.
13. Parliamentary Privileges
14. Amendment of the Constitution.
15. Principle of Natural Justice
16. Delegated Legislation: Its constitutionality and judicial and legislative . controls.
17. Judicial Review of Administrative Action.

Section-B

International Law
1. Nature and Definition of International Law.
2. Relationship between International Law and Municipal Law
3. State Recognition and State Succession.
4. Sea: Inland Waters, Territorial Sea,Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and High Seas.
5. Individuals, nationality, statelessness; Human Rights and procedures available for their enforcement.
6. Territorial jurisdiction of States, Extradition and Asylum.
7. Treaties: Formation application, termination and reservation.
8. United Nations: Its principal organs, powers, and functions.
9. Settlement of Disputes.
10. Lawful recourse to force; aggressions, self-defence, intervention.
11. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear non proliferation treaty-, CTBT.
12. International Terrorism State sponsored terrorism, Hijacking, International Criminal Court.
13. New International Economic order and Monetary law: WTO, TRIPS, GATT, IMF, World Bank.
14. Protection and Improvement of the Human Environment: International Efforts.

PAPER-II

Section-A Law of Crimes:
1. General Principles of Criminal Liability: mens rea and actus reus, Mens rea in statutory offences.
2. Application of the Indian Penal Code.
3. Kinds of Punishment.
4. Preparations and criminal attempts
5. General exceptions.
6. Joint and constructive liability.
7. Abetment.
8. Criminal conspiracy.
9. Offences against the State.
10. Offences against public tranquillity.
11. Offences against human body.
12. Offences against property
13. Offences Relating to Marriage.
14. Defamation
15. Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
16. Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
17. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.

Law of Torts: 1. Nature and definition. 2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability. 3. Vicarious liability including State Liability. 4. General defences. 5. Joint tort-feasors. 6. Remedies. 7. Negligence 8. Defamation. 9. Nuisance. 10. Conspiracy 11. False imprisonment. 12. Malicious Prosecution. 13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

Section-B

Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law
1. Formation of Contract
2. Factors vitiating consent
3. Void voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.
4. Performance and discharge of contracts.
5. Quasi-contracts.
6. Consequences of breach of contract
7. Contract of Agency.
8. Sale of goods and hire purchase.
9. Formation and dissolution of partnership
10. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.
11. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.

Paper- I

Answers must be written in Arabic.

Section A
1. (a) Origin and development of the language - an outline.
(b) Significant features of the grammar of the language, Rhetorics, Prosody.
(c) Short essay in Arabic.

Section B
2. Literary History and Literary Criticism: socio-cultural background, classical Literature, literary movements, modern trends, origin and development of modern prose: drama, novel, short story or essay.

PAPER -II

This paper will require first hand reading of the text prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates critical ability. Answers must be written in Arabic.

Section A Poets

1. Imraul Qais: Qifa Nabke Min Zikra Habibin Wa Manzili (Complete). Al Muallaquatus Saba

2. Hassan Bin Thabit: Lillahi Darru Isavatin Nadamthum (Complete) Diwan Hassan Bin Thabit.

3. Jarir-Hayyu Umamata Wazkuru Ahdan Mada to jalbas Sifahi Wa Damiatin Bikila Nukhbatul Adab: Deptt. of Arabic, A.M.U., Aligarh.

4. Farzdaq: Hazal Lazi Tariful Batha-o-Watatuhu (complete). Majmuatun Minan Nazm-i-Wan Nasr, Jamia Salafiah, Varanasi

5. Al Mutanabbf: Ya Ukhta Khair-e-Akhin Ya Binta Khair-e-Abin to Aqamahul Fikru Bainalljz-e-Wattaabi Nukhbatul Adab, Deptt. of Arabic, A.M.U., Aligarh

6. Abul Ala Al-Maarri: Ala Fi Sabil Majdi Ma Ana Faailu to Wa Ya Nafsu Jiddi Inna Dahraki Hazilu Majmuatul Minan Nazm-i-Wan Nasr, Jamia Salafia, Varanasi.

7. Shauqi: Wulidal Huda Falkainatu Diau to Makhtara Ilia Dinakal Fuqarau Salamun Neeli Ya Ghandi (complete) Shauqiat

8. Hafiz Ibrahim: Rajatu Linafsi Fattahamtu Hasati (complete) Nukhbatul Adab

9. Ilya Abu Madi: Damatun Kharsao (complete) Mukhtarat Minal Sher Al Arabi Al Hadith M.M. Badwi

Section B

Authors - Books
Lesson
1. Ibnul Muquffa - Kalilah Wa Dimnah
Al Asad Wai Thaur
2. Al Jahiz - Mukhtarat Min Adabil
Arab Bakhilun Hakim (complete) Part II By S.A Hasan Ali Nadwi
3- Ibn Khaldun - Muqaddamah
Araun Fit Talim (complete)
4. Mahmud Taimur - Qalar Rawi Am Mutawalli (complete)
5. Tafiqual Hakim - Masrahiyati Sirrul Muntahira (complete)
6. Abbas Mahmud - Aqqad Mukhtarat Min Adabil Arab - II
Assiddiq (complete)

(b) Study of Indian Authors:
1. Ghulam Ali Azad Bilgrami
2. Shah Walullah Dehlavi
3. Zulfikar Ali Deobandl
4. Abdul Aziz Meman
5. Syed Abdul Hasan AH Hasaninadwi

PAPER -I

Answers must be written in Assamese.

Section A: Language
(a) History of the origin and development of the Assamese languages-its position among the Indo-Aryan Languages-periods in its history,
(b) Developments of Assamese prose.
(c) Vowels and consonants of the Assamese languages-rules of phonetic changes with stress on Assamese coming down from Old Indo-Aryan.
(d) Assamese vocabulary and its sources.
(e) Morphology of the language - conjugation - encilitic definitives and pleonastic suffixes.
(f) Dialectical divergences - the standard colloquial and the Kamrupi dialect in particular.
(g) Assamese scripts - its evolution through the ages till 19th century A.D.

Section B: Literary Criticism and Literary History
(a) Principles of Literary criticism up to New criticism.
(b) Different literary genres.
(c) Development of literary forms in Assamese.
(d) Development of literary criticism in Assamese
(e) Periods of the literary history of Assam from the earliest beginnings, i.e. from the period of the charyyageets with their socio-cultural background: the proto Assamese-Pre-Sankaradeva-Sankaradeva-post Sankaradeva-Modern period (from the coming of the Britishers)-Post-Independence period. Special emphasis is to be given on the Vaisnavite period, the gonaki and the post-Independence period.

PAPER-II

This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates critical ability. Answers must be written in Assamese.

Section-A

Ramayana (Ayodhya Kanda only) by Madhava Kandali.
Parijat-Harana by Sankaradeva.
Rsakrida by Sankaradeva (From Kirtana Ghosa).
Bargeet_by Madhavadeva
Rajasuya by Madhavadeva
Katha-Bhagvata (Books I and II) by Baikunthanath Bhattacharyya.
Gurucarit-Katha (Sankaradevas Part only) ed. by Maheshwar Neog.

Section-B

Morjeevan Sonwaran by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.
Kripabar Barbaruar Kakatar Topola by Lakshminath Bezbaroa.
Pratima by Chandra Kumar Aggarwala
Gaonburha-by Padmanadh Gohain Barua.
Monamati by Rajanikanta Bordoloi.
Purani Asmiya Sahita by Banikanta Kakati.
Karengar Ligiri by Jyotiprasad Agarwalla
Jeevanar Batat by Bina Barwa (Birinchi Kumar Barua)
Mrityunjoy by Birendrakumar Bhattacharyya
Samrat by Navakanta Barua.

PAPER -I

History of Language and Literature.
Answers must be written in Bengali.

Section A: Topics from the History of Bangla language
1. The chronological track from Proto Indo-European to Bangla (Family tree with branches and approximate dates).
2. Historical stages of Bangla (Oid, Middle, New) and their liniguistic features.
3. Dialects of Bangla and their distinguishing characteristics.
4. Elements of Bangla Vocabulary.
5. Forms of Bangla Literary Prose-Sadhu and Chalit.
6. Processes of language change relevant for Bangla.
Apinihiti (Anaptyxis), Abhishruti (umlaut) Murdhanyibhavan (cerebralization), Nasikyibhavan (nasalization), Samibhavan (Assimilation) Sadrishya (Analogy), Svaragama (Vowel insertion)-Adi Savaragam, Madhya Svaragama or Svarabhakti, Antya Svaragama, Svarasangati (Vowel hormony), y-shruti and w-shruti.
7. Problems of standardization and reform of alphabet and spelling, and those of transliteration and Romanization.
8. Phonology, Morphology and Syntax of Modern Bangla.
(Sounds of Modern Bangla, Conjuncts; word formations, compounds; basic sentence patterns.).

Section B: Topics from the History of Bangla Literature.

1 Periodization of Bangla Literature: Old Bangla and Middle Bangla.
2. Points of difference between modern and pre-modern Bangla Literature.
3. Roots and reasons behind the emergence of modernity in Bangla Literature.
4. Evolution of various Middle Bangla forms: Mangal kavyas, Vishnava lyrics, Adapted narratives (Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagvata) and religious biographies.
5. Secular forms in middle bangla literature.,
6. Narrative and lyric trends in the nineteenth century Bangla poetry. 7.- Development of prose.
8. Bangla dramatic literature (nineteenth century, Tagore, Post-1944 Bangla drama).
9. Tagore and post-Tagoreans.
10. Fiction, major authors: (Bankimchandra, Tagore, Saratchandra, Bibbhutibusan, Tarasankar, Manik).
11. Women and Bangla literature: creators and created.

PAPER -II

Prescribed texts for close study.
Answers must be written in Bengali.

Section A
1. Vaishnava Padavali (Calcutta University) Poems of Vidyapati, Chandidas, Jnanadas, Govindadasand Balaramdas.
2. Chandimangal Kalketu episode by Mukunda (Sahitya Akademi)
3. Chaitanya Charitamrita Madhya Lila, by Krishnadas Kaviraj (Sahitya Akademi).
4. Meghnabadho Kavya by Madhusudan Dutta.
5. Kapalkundala by Bankimchandra Chatterjee.
6. Samya and Bangadesher Krishak by Bankimchandra Chatterjee.
7. Sonar Tari by Rabindra Nath Tagore.
8. Chhirtnapatravali by Rabindranath Tagore.

Section B

9. Raktakarabi by Rabindranath Tagore.
10. Nabajatak by Rabindranath Tagore
11. Grihadaha by Saratchandra Chatterjee.
12. Prabandha Samgraha Vol. 1 by Pramatha Choudhuri.
13. Aranyak by Bibhutibhusan Banerjee.
14. Short stories by Manik Bandyopadhyay: Atashi Mami, Pragaitaihasik, Holund-Pora, Sarisrip, Haraner Natjamai, Chhoto Bokulpurer Jatri, Kustharogir Bou, Jakey Ghush Ditey Hoy.
15. Shrestha Kavita by Jibanananda Das.
16. Jagori by Satinath Bhaduri.
17. Ebam Indrajit by Badal Sircar.