Answers must be written in Kashmiri.

Section: A

1. Genealogical relationship of the Kashmiri language: various theories.

2. Areas of occurrence and dialects (geographical/social) ,

3. Phonology and grammar:
i. Vowel and consonant system;
ii. Nouns and pronouns with various case inflections;
iii. Verbs: various types and tenses.

4. Syntactic structure:
i. Simple, active and declarative statments;
ii. Coordination;
iii. Relativsation.

1. Kashmiri literature in the 14th century (Socio-cultural and intellectual background with special reference to Lai Dyad and Sheikhul Alam)
2. Nineteenth century Kashmiri literature (development of various genres: vatsun; ghazal; and mathnavi).
3. Kashmiri literature in the first half of the twentieth century (with special reference to Mahjoor and Azad; various literary influences).
4. Modern Kashmri literature (with special refernece to the development of the short story, drama, novel and nazm).

Answers must be written in Kashmiri.

Section-A

1. . Intensive study of Kashmiri poetry upto the nineteenth century:
i) Lai Dyad
ii) Sheikhul Aalam
iii) Habba Khatoon
2. Kashmiri poetry: 19th Century
i) Mahmood Garni (Vatsans)
ii) Maqbool Shah (Gulrez)
iii) Rasool Mir (Ghazals)
iv) Abdul Ahad Nadim (Nat)
v) Krishanjoo Razdan (Shiv Lagun)
vi) Sufi Poets (Text in Sanglaab, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir)

3. Twentieth Century Kashmiri poetry (text in Azich Kashir Skairi, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir)
4. Literary criticism and research work: development and various trends.

1. An analytical study of the short story in Kashmiri.
i) Afsana Majmua, published by the Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir.
ii) Kashur Afsana Az, published by the Sahitya Akademi
iii) Hamasar Kashur Afsana, published by the Sahitya Akademi
The following sthort story writers only: Akhtar Mohi-ud-Din,
Amin Kamil, Hari Krishan Kaul, Hraday Kaul Bharti, Bansi
Nirdosh, Gulshan Majid.

2. Novel in Kashmiri:
i) Mujrim by G.N. Gowhar
ii) Marun-Ivan Ilyichun, (Kashmiri version of Tolstoys The Death of Ivan Iiyich (Published by Kashmiri Deptt).

3. Drama in Kashmiri
i) Natuk Kariv Band, by Hari Krishan Kaul
ii) Ok Angy Natuk, ed. Motilal Keemu. published by Sahitya
Akademi. iii) Razi Oedipus, tr. Naji Munawar, published by Sahitya Akademi.

4. Kashmiri Folk Literature:
i) Kashur Luki Theatre by Mohammad Subhan Bhagat, published by Deptt. of Kashmiri, University of Kashmir.
ii) Kashinj Luki Bceth (all volumes) published by the J & K Cultural Academy.

Answers must be written in Konkani.

Section A: History of the Konkani Language:

(i) Origin and development of the language & Influences on it.
(ii) Major dialects of Keinkani & their linguistic features.
(iii) Grammatical and lexicographic work in Konkani, including a study of cases, adverbs, indeclinables and voices,
(iv) Old Standard Konkani, New Standard & standardisation problems.

Section B: History of Konkani Literature:

Candidates would be expected to be well acquainted with Konkani Literature and its social & cultural backgournd and consider the problems and issues arising out of them:
(i) History of Konkani literature from its probable source to the present times, with emphasis on its major works, writers and movements,
(ii) Social and cultural background of the making of Konkani literature from time to time.
(iii) Indian & Western influences on Konkani literature, from the earliest to modern times, (iv) Modern literally trends in the various genres and regions including a study of Konkani folklore.

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Answers must be written in Malayalam.

Section-A

Unit 1-Early phase of Malayalam Language:
1.1 Various theories: origin from proto Dravidian, Tamil, Sanskrit.
1.2 Relation between Tamil and Malyalam: Six nayas of A.R. Rajarajavarma.
1.3 Pattu school-definition, Ramacharitam, later pattu works-Niranam works and Krishnagatha.

Unit 2-Linguistic features of :
2.1 Manipravalam-definition. Language of early manipravala works-Champu, Sandesakavya, Chandrotsava, minor works. Later Manipravala works-medieval Champu and Attakkatha.
2.2 Folklore-Southern and Northern ballads, Mappila songs.
2.3 Early Malayalam prose-Bhashakautaliyam, Brahmandapuranam, Attaprakaram, Kramadipika and Nambiantamil.

Unit 3-Satandardisation of Malayalam
3.1 Peculairities of the language of Pana, Kilippattu and Tullai.
3.2 Contributions of indigenous and European missionaries to Malayalam.
3.3 Characteristics of contemporary Malayalam : Malayalam as administravie language. Language of scientific and technical literature-media language.

Unit-4 Ancient and Medieval Literature:
4.1 Pattu-Ramacharitam, Niranam works and Krishnagatha.
4.2 Manipravalam-early and medieval manipravala works including attakkatha and champu.
4.3 Folk literature.
4.4 Kilippattu, Tullal and Mahakavya.

Unit 5- Modern Literature-Poerty
5.1 Venmani poets and contemporaries.
5.2 The advent of Romanticism-Poerty of Kavitraya i.e., Asan, Ulloor and Vallathol
5.3 Poetry after Kavitraya.
5.4 Modernism in Malayalam poetry.

Unit 6- Modern Literature-Prose
6.1 Drama
6.2 Novel
C.3 Short story
6.4 Biography, travelogue, essay and criticism.

Answers must be written in Malayalam.
This paper will requre first hand reading of the texts prescribed and is designed to test the candidates critical ability.

Section-A

Unit 1
1.1 Ramacharitam-Patalam 1.
1.2 Kannassaramayanam-Balakandam first 25 stanzas.
1.3 Unnunilisandesam-Purvabhagam 25 slokas including Prastavana
1.4 Mahabharatham Kilippattu-Bhishmaparvam.,

Unit 2
2.1 Kumaran Asan-Chintavisthayaya Sita.
2.2 Vailoppilli-Kutiyozhikkal.
2.3 G. Sankara Kurup-Perunthachan.
2.4 N.V. Krishna Variar-Tivandiyile Pattu.

Unit 3
3.1 ONV -Bhumi-kkoru Charamagitam
3.2 Ayyappa Panicker-Kurukshetram.
3.3 Akkittam-Pandathe Messanthi
3.4 Attur Ravivarma-Megharupan.

Unit 4
4.1 O. Chanthu Menon-Indulekha
4.2 Thakazhy-Chemmin.
4.3 O V Vijayan-Khasakkinte Ithihasam.

Unit 5
5.1 MT Vasudevan Nair-Vanaprastham (Collection).
5.2 N S Madhavan-Higvitta (Collection).
5.3 C J. Thomas-1128-il Crime 27.

Unit 6
6.1 Kuttikrishna Marar-Bharataparyatanam
6.2 M. K Sanu-Nakshatrangalute Snehabhajanam
6.3 V.T. Bhattathirippad-Kannirum Kinavum.

Answers must be written in Manipuri

Section A: Language:

(a) General characteristics of Manipuri Language and history of its development; its importance and status among the Tibeto-Burman Languages of North-East India; recent development in the study of Manipuri language; evolution and study of old Manipuri script.

(b) Significant features of Manipuri language: (i) Phonology: Phoneme-vowels, consonants juncture, tone, consonant cluster and its occurrence, syllable-its structure, pattern and types, (ii) Morphology: Word-class, root and its types; affix and its types; grammatical categories-gender, number, person, case, tense and aspects, process of compounding (samas and sandhi). (iii) Syntax: Word order: types of sentences, pharse and clause structures.

(a) Literary History of Manipuri:
Early period (upto 17th century): Social and cultural background; Themes, diction and style of the works.
Medieval period (18th and 19th century): Social, religious and political background; Themes, diction and style of the works. Modern period-Growth of major literary forms; change of Themes, diction and style.

(b) Manipuri Folk Literature:
Legend, Folktale, Folksong, Ballad, Proverb and Riddle.

(c) Aspects of Manipuri Culture:

Pre-Hindu Manipuri Faith; Advent of Hinduism and the process of syncreticism. Performing arts-Lai Haraoba, Maha Ras; Indegenous games-Sagol Kangjei, Khong Kangjei, Kang.

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Answers must be written in Marathi.

Section A - Language and Folklore

(a) Nature and Functions of Language (with reference to Marathi) Language as a signifying system: Langue and Parole; Basic functions; Poetic language; Standard Language and dialect; Language variations according to social parameters.

Linguistic features of Marathi in thirteen century and seventeenth century.

(b) Dialects of Marathi
Ahirani; Varhadi; Dangi

(c) Marathi Grammar
Parts of Speech; Case-system; Prayogvichar (Voice).

(d) Nature and kinds of Folklore (with special reference to Marathi)
Lok-Geet, Lok Katha, Lok Natya

Section B - History of Literature and Literary Criticism

(a) History of Marathi Literature
1. From beginning to 1818 A.D., with special reference to the following: The Mahanubhava writers, the Varkari poets, the Pandit poets, the Shahirs, Bakhar literature.

2. From 1850 to 1990, with special reference to developments in the following major forks: Poetry, Fiction (Novel and Short Story), Drama; and major literary currents and movements, Romantic, Realist, Modernist, Dalit Grammin, Feminist.

(b) Literary Criticism
1. Nature and function of Literature;

2. Evaluation of Literature;

3. Nature, Objectives and Methods of Criticism;

4. Literature, Culture and Society.

Answers must be written in Marathi. Textual study of prescribed literary works
The paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates critical ability.

Section A: Prose

(1) Smntishala

(2) Mahatma Jotiba Phule
Shetkaryacha Asud; Sarvajanik Satyadharma

(3) S.V. Ketkar Brahmankanya

(4) P.K. Atre Sashtang Namaskar

(5) Sharchchandra Muktibodh Jana Hey Volatu Jethe

(6) Uddhav Shelke Shilan

(7) Baburao Bagul Jevha Mi Jaat Chorli Hoti

(8) Gouri Deshpande Ekek Paan Galavya

(9) P.I. Sonkamble Athavaninche Pakshi

(1) Namadevanchi Abhangawani Ed: Inamdar, Relekar, Mirajkar, Modern Book Depot, Pune.

(2) Painjan

Ed: M.N. Adwant

(3) Sahitya Prasar Kendra, Nagpur Damyanti-Sway am var

By Raghunath, Rmdit

(4) Balakvinchi Kavita by Balkavi

(5) Vishakha

By Kusumagraj

(6) Mridgandh by Vinda Karandikar

(7) 7ahirnama by Narayan Surve

(8) Sandhyakalchya Kavita by Grace

(9) Ya Sattet Jeev Ramat Nahi by Namdev Dhasal.

i Answers must be written in Nepali.

Section A

1. History of the origin and development of Nepali as one of the new Indo-Aryan Languages.

2. Fundamentals of Nepali Grammar and phonology

(i) Nominal forms and categories: Gender, Number, Case, Adjectives, Pronouns, Avyayas

(ii) Verbal Forms and categories: Tense, Aspects, Voice, Roots and Fixes,

(iii) Nepali Swara and Vyanjana

3. Major Dialects of Nepali.

4. Standardization and Modernization of Nepali with special reference to language movements (viz. Halanta Bahiskar, Jhoarrovad etc.)

5. Teaching of Nepali language in India - its history and development with special reference to its socio-culrural aspects.

1. History of Nepali literature with special reference to its development in India.

2. Fundamental concepts and theories of literature: Kavya/Sahitya, Kavya Prayojan, Literary genres, Shabda Shakti, Rasa, Alankara, Tragedy, Comedy, Aesthetics, Stylistics.

3. Major literary trends and movements - Swachchhandatavad, Yatharthavad, Astiwavad, Ayamik Movement, Contemporary Nepali writings, Postmodernism.

4. Nepali folklores (the following folk-form only) - Sawai, Jhyaure, Selo, Sangini, Lahari.

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Answers must be written in Oriya.

Section - A

History of Oriy Language

(i) Origin and development of Oriya Language - Influence of Austric, Dravidian, Perso-Arabic and English on Oriya Language.

(ii) Phonetics and Phonemics: Vowels, Consonants Principles of changes in Oriya sounds.

(iii) Morphology: Morphemes (free, bound compound and complex), derivational and inflectional affixes, case inflection, conjugation of verb.

(iv) Syntax: Kinds of sentences and their transformation, structure of sentences.

(v) Semarjtics - Different types of change in meaning Euphemism.

(vi) Common errors in spellings, grammatical uses and construction of sentences.

(vii) Regional variations in Oriya Language (Western, Southern and Northern Qriya) and Dialects (Bhatri and Desia).

History of Oriya Literature

(i) Historical backgrounds (social, cultural and political) of Oriya Literature of different periods.

(ii) Ancient epics, ornate kavyas and padavalis.

(iii) Typical structural forms of Oriya Literature (Koiii, Chautisa, Poi, Chaupadi, Champu).

(iv) Modern trends in poetry, drama, short story, novel, essay and literary criticism.

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