(Pali Language)

N.B. All answers must be written in Pali language in Devanagari or Roman Script.

Section-A

1. Origin and Homeland of Pali and its characteristics.

2. Pali Grammar-(I) Technical Terms of Pali Grammar-Akkhara, Sara, VyarYjana, Niggahita, Nama, Sabbanama, Akhyata, Upasagga, Nipata, Abyaya,

(II) Karaka,

(III) Samasa;

(IV) Sandhi;

(V) Taddhita. (Apaccabodhaka-and Adhikarabo-dhaka-Paccaya);

(VI) Etymological derivation of the following words:

Buddho, Bhikkhu, Samanero, Sattha, Dhammo, Lataya, Purisanam, Tumhe, Amhebhi, Munina, Rattisu, Phalaya, Atthisu, Rannam, Sangho.

3. Translation of two Pali unseen passages into English.

4. Essays consisting of 300 words on any one of the following :

(a) Bhagava Buddho,

(b) Tilakkhanam,

(c) Ariyo atthangiko maggo,

(d) Cattari ariyasaccani,

(e) Kammavado

(f) Paticcasamuppado,

(g) Nibbanam paramam sukham,

(h) Tipitakam,

(i) Dhammapadam,

(j) Majjhima-Patipada.

5. Summary of Pali passages.

6. Fxplanation of Pali verses in Pali.

7. Tne meaning of following indeclinables (Abyaya and Nipata) and their jse in candidates own Pali sentences :

(I) Atha,

(II) Antara,

(III) Addha,

(IV) Kada,

(V) Kittavata,

(VI) Ahorattam,

(VII) Diva,

(VIII) Yatha,

(IX) Ce,

(X) Seyyathidam,

(XI) Vina,

(XII) Kudacannam,

(XIII) Saddhim,

(XIV) Antarena,

(XV) Kho,

(XVI) Ma,

(XVII) Evam,

(XVIII) Ettha,

(XIX) Kira,

(XX) Pana.

(Pali Literature)

There will be two compulsory questions which must be answered in Pali Language in Devanagari or Roman Script. The remaining questions must be attempted either in Pali or in the medium of exam, opted by the candidate.

Section-A

(i) Life and teachings of Buddha from the Pali sources,

(ii) History of Pali Literature-Canonical and Non-Canonical with reference to the following books and authors:

Mahavagga, Cullavagga, Patimokkha, Digha-Nikaya, Dhammapada, Jataka, Theragatha, Therigatha. Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa, Dathavamsa, Sasanavamsa, Milindapanha, Petakopadesa, Nettippa-karana, Buddhadatta, Buddhaghosa and Dhammapala.

1. Textual questions, critical comments and annotated translations would be asked from the following prescribed texts :-

(i) Digha-Nikaya (Only the Samannaphala-Sutta)

(ii) Sutta-nipata (Only the Khaggavisana-Sutta and Dhaniya-Sutta)

(iii) Dhammapada (Only the first five Vagga-s)

(iv) Milindapanha (Only the Lakkhana-panha)

(v) Mahavamsa (Only the Tatiya-Sangiti)

(vi) Abhidhammattha-sangaha (First, Second and Sixth Chapters)

(vii) Pali Prosody: Vuttodaya-Anutthubha, Indavajira, Upendavajira, Vasantatilaka, Malini, Sikharini, Upajati, totaka, Dodhaka, Vamsattha.

(viii) Pali Rhetoric : Subodhalankara -Yamaka, Anuppasa, Rupaka, Upama, Attsayutti, Vyatireka, Nidassana, Atthanta-ranyasa. Dipaka, Ditthanta.

2. Short Notes on Buddhist concepts dealt within the prescribed texts.

3. Explanation of Pali Verses from the prescribed texts.

There will be two questions which must be answered in Persian. The remaining questions must be answered either in Persian or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate,

1 (a) Description of the origin and development of Persian Language. (Compulsory to be answered in Persian).

(b) Applied Grammar, Rhetorics, Prosody, Idioms and Phrases frequently used.

(i) Grammar: Ism and its kinds, Zamir-e-Murtasil and Munfasil, Murakkabi-Tausifi, Murakkab-i-Izafi, Ismi-Ishara, MusharunEIaih, Fel and its kinds, Tenses, Gardan, Singular and Plural, Jumleh and its kinds.

(ii) Rhetorics: Tajnees, Ishteqaq, -Luzum-ma-la-yalzum, Seyaqata! Aadad, Qalb, Tarsee, Esteaara, Maratun Nazir, Laff-o-Nashr, lham, Husn-i-TaalilrTajahuli-Aarefaneh, Talmih, Tansiqus, Siffat.

(iii) Prosody: Bahri-Muzara, Ramal, Mutaqarib, Tawil, Hazaj, Kamil

1. Short essay in Persian-250 words (to be answered in Persian).

2. History of Persian Literature in Iran and India; Literary criticism and styles; trends in classical and modern literature; socio-cultural influences, development of modern literary genres including drama, novel, short story.

There will be two compulsory questions-one each in textual portions of prose and poetry which are to be answered in Persian. The remaining questions are to be answered either in Persian or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate.

This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates critical ability.

Section A

Prose

1. Nizami Aroozi Samarqandi: Chahar Maqala: (i) Dabiri (ii) Shaairi

2. Qabus b, Washmgir: Qabus Nama:
(i) Dar Shinakhtan-e-Haqq-e-Pidar-wa-Madar

(ii) Dar Bishi Justan Az Sukhandani

(iii) Dar Talib Ilmi Wa Faqih Wa Fuqaha

3. Sadi Shirazi: Gulistan: Dar Tasir-e-Suhbat

4. Moh. Awfi: Jawameul Hikayat: First Ten Hikayat

5. Ziauddin Burney: Tarikh-i-Firozshashi: Wasaya-i-Sultan Balban Be Farzand-e-Buzurg

6. Abul Fazl: Ain-e-Akbari: Ain-Khazina-i-Abadi

(ii) Ain-e-ShabistanA, Iqbal

(iii) Ain-e-Manzil Dar Yurisha

(iv) Ain-e-Cheragh Afrozi

7. Sadiq-i-Hedayat: (i) Dash Akul (ii) Girdab

8. Mohd. Hijazi: (i) Khudkushi (ii) Pezeshk-e-Chashm.

Poetry

1 Firadausi: Shahnama: Rustam-o-Sohrab

2 Khayyam: Rubaaiyat (Radif Alif and Be)

3 Saadi Shirazi: Bustun: Dar Adl-u-Tadbir-u-Rai

4 Amir Khusran: Majmua-i-Diwan-e-Khusran (Radif Dal)

5 Maulana Rum: Mathnawi Maanawi (First half of Daftar Duwwum)

6 Hafiz: (Radif Alif and Dal)

7 Urfi Shirazi: Qasaaid (i) Iqbal-e-Karam Migazad Arbabi-Himam Ra

(ii) Har Sukhta Jane Ki Ba Kashmir Dar Ayad.

(iii) Sabah-e-Idd Ke Dar Takiyagah-e-Naz-u-Naem.

8 Ghalib: Ghazaaliyat (Radif Alif)

9 Bahar Mashhadi: (i) Juoghd-e-Jung (ii) Sukoot-e-Sha1 (iii) Damawandiye (iv) Dukhtar-e-Basra

10 Furugh-e-Farrukhzad: (i) Dar Barabad-e-Khuda (ii) Diw:e-Shab

11 Nimayushij: (i) Qu (ii) Khar-Kan

Note: Textual portions of prose and poetry are to be explained in Persian compulsorily.

Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi Script.

Section A

a) Origin of Punjabi Language: Different stages of development and recent development in Punjabi Language: Characteristics of Punjabi phonology and the study of its tones: Classification of vowels and consonants,

b) Punjabi morphology: The number-gender system (animate and inanimate), prefixes, affixes and different categories of Post-positions: Punjabi word formation, Tatsam. Tad Bhav, Forms: Sentence structure, the notion of subject and object in Punjabi: Noun and verb phrases.

c) Language and dialect: the notions of dialect and idiolect; major dialects of Punjabi; Pothohari, Majhi, Doabi, Malwai, Puadhi; the validity of speech variation on the basis of social stratification, the distinctive features of various dialects with special reference to tones. Language and script; origin and development of Gurmukhi; suitability of Gurmukhi for Punjabi.

d) Classical background; Nath Jogi Sahil Medieval literature: Gurmat, Sufi, Kissa and Var Janamsakhis.

a) Modern trends: Mystic, romantic, progressive and neomystic (Vir Singh, Puran Singh, Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Bawa Balwant, Pritam Singh Safeer, J.S. Neki).

Experimentalists: {Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia, Ravinder Ravi, Ajaib Kamal). Aesthetes (Harbhajan Singh, Tara Singh) Neo-Progressive (Pash, Jagtar, Patar)

Origin and Development of Genres:

b) Folk literature Folk song, Folk tales, Riddles, Proverbs.

Epic (Vir Singh, Avtar Singh, Azad Mohan Singh) Lyric (Gurus, Sufis and Modern Lyricists-Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Shiv Kumar, Harbhajan singh).

c) Drama (I.C. Nanda, Harcharan Singh, Balwant Gargi, S.S. Sekhon, Charan Das Sidhu).

Novel: (Vir Singh, Nanak Singh, Jaswant Singh Kanwal, K.S. Duggal, Sukhbir,Gurdial Singh, Dalip Kaur Tiwana, Swaran Chandan).

Short Story (Sujan Singh, K.S. Virk, Prem Parkash, Waryam Sandhu).

d) Socio-cultural and Literary influences: Sanskrit, Persian and Western.Essay (Puran Singh, Teja Singh, Gurbaksh Singh).

Literary Criticism (S.S. Sekhon, Attar Singh, Kishan Singh, Harbhajan Singh, Najam Hussain Sayyad).

Answers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi Script.
This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates critical ability.

Section A

a) Sheikh Farid: The complete Bani as included in the Adi Granth.

b) Guru Nanak: Japu Ji Baramah, Asa di Var

c) Bulleh Shah: Kafian

d) Waris Shah: Heer

a) Shah Mohammad Jangr-sma (Jang Singhan te Firangian) Dhani Ram Chatrik (Po. L) Chandan Vari Sufi Khana Nawan Jahan

b) Nanak Singh (Novelist) Chitta Lahu, Pavaiattar Papi, Ek Mian Do Talwaran

c) Gurbaksh Singh (Essayist): Zindagi Ras Nawan Shivala; Merian Abhul Yadaan Balraj Sahni (Travelogue) Mera Roosi Safarnama; Mera Pakistani Safarnama.

d) Balwant Gargi (Dramatist): Loha Kutt; Dhuni-di-Agg; Sultan Razia Sant Singh Sekhon.(Critic): Sahityarth; Parsidh Punjabi Kavi; Punjabi Kav Shiromani

Answers must be written in Russian except in case of question regarding translation from Russian to English.

(Language and Culture)

Part A

i. Modern Russian Language: Phonetics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexicology, Lexicography and Semantics, linguistics,

ii. Translation form Russian into English and vice-versa.

i. Socio-political and economical development of the Russian Federation: Patriotic war of 1812, October Revolution, Perestroika and Glasnost, disintegration of USSR, Regional & Cultural variations of the Russian Federation.

ii. Essay on general topics.

Answers must be written in Russian.

(Literature)

Part A

Literary History and Literary Criticism

Literary movements, Sentimentalism, Romanticism, Naturalism, Realism, Critical Realism, Socialism, Acmeism, Symbolism, Futurism; Origin and development of literary genres: Folk literature, Lyrics and poems - A.S. Pushkin, M.U. Lermontov, Alexander Blok, Esenin, V. Mayakovky, Anna Akhmatova, Epic- L.N. Tolstoy, M. Sholokhov, Shortstory, novelet, novels -Pushkin, Lermontov, N.V. Gogol, S. Shchedrin, I. Goncharov, I. Turgenev, F.M.Dostoevsky, L. N.Tolstory, A.P. Chekhov, M. Gorky, M. Sholokhov, I. Bunin, E. Zamytan, Boris Pasternak, A. Solzhenitsyn, M. Bulgakov, Chingiz Aitmatov, V. Rasputin, V. Shukshin, Criticism-Belinsky, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, Pisarev, Drama-Chekhov, Gogol. Influence of socio-political movements on literature.

This part will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates critical ability.

1. A.S. Pushkin - Evgenyo Onegin

2. M.U. Lermontov , - Hero of our times

3. N.V. Gogol - Revizor

4. l.S. Turgenev - Fathers and sons

5. F.M. Dostoevsky - Crime and Punishment

6. L.N. Tolstoy - i. War and Peace

ii. Resurrection

7. A.P. Chekhov - i. Toska

ii. Smert Chinovnika

iii. Chameleon

8. A.M. Gorky - Mother

9. A. Blok - The twelve

10. B.B. Mayakovsky - i. Clouds in plants

ii. Good

11. M. Sholokhov - Fate of a Man

12. B. Pasternak - Doctor Zhivago

13. Solzhenistyn - One day in the life of Ivan Danisovich

14. V. Rasputin - Zhivi Pomni

15. Chingiz Aitmatov - Bely Porokhod

16. V. Shukshin , - Chudik.

There will be three questions which must be answered in Sanskrit. The remaining questions must be answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate.

Section-A
1. Significant features of the grammar, with particular stress on Sanjna, Sandhi, Karaka, Samasa, Kartari and Karmani vacyas (voice usages) {to be answered in Sanskrit).

2. (a) Main characteristics of Vedic Sanskrit language.

(b) Prominent features of classical Sanskrit language.

(c) Contribution of Sanskrit to linguistic studies.

3. General Knowledge of:-

(a) Literary history of Sanskit,

(b) Principal trends of literary criticism

(c) Ramayana,

(d) Mahabharata

(e) The origin and development of literary geners of:

Mahakavya

Rupaka (drama)

Katha

Akhyayika

Campu

Khandakavya

Muktaka Kavya.

4. Essentials of Indian Culture with stress on

a) Purusarthas-

b) Samskaras-

c) Varnasramavyavastha

d) Arts and fine arts

e) Technical sciences

5. Trends of Indian Philosophy

a) Mimansa

b) Vedanta

c) Nyaya

d) Vaisesika

e) Sankhya

f) Yoga

g) Bauddha

h) Jaina

i) Carvaka

6. Short Essay in Sanskrit

7. Unseen passage with the questions, to be answered in Sanskrit

(more…)

Answers must be written in Sindhi (Arabic of Devanagari Script).

Section A

1. (a) Origin and evolution of Sindhi language -views of different scholars.

(b) Significant linguistic features of Sindhi language, including those pertaining to its phonology, morphology and syntax.

(c) Major dialect of Sindhi language.

(d) Sindhi vocabulary - stages of its growth, including those in the pre-partition and post-partition periods.

(e) Historical study of various Writing Systems (Scripts) of Sindhi.

(f) Changes in the structure of Sindhi language in India, after partition, due to influence of other languages and social conditions.

2. Sindhi literature through the ages in context of socio-cultural conditions in the respective periods:

a. Early medieval literature up to 1350 A.D. including folk literature,

b. Late medieval period from 1350 A.D. to 1850 A.D.

c. Renaissance period from 1850 A.D. to 1947 A.D.

d. Modern period from 1947 and onwards.

(Literary genres in Modern Sindhi literature and experiments in poetry, drama, novel, short story, essay, literary criticism, biography, autobiography, memoirs, and travelogues.)

(more…)

Answers must be written in Telugu.

Section A: Language

1. Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity -etymological history of Telugu, Telugu and Andhra.

2. Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical labels, from Proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from Old Telugu to modern Telugu.

3. Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-formal and functional view of Telugu language.

4. Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu.

5. Modernization of Telugu language.

(a) Linguistic and literary movements and their role in. modernization of Telugu.

(b) Role of media in modernisation of Telugu (Newspapers, Radio, TVC etc.)

(C) Problems of Terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in telugu in various discourses including scientific and technical.

6. Dialects of Telugu-Rational and social variations and problems of standa rd iza tion.

7. Syntax-Major divisions of telugu sentences-simple, complex and compound sentences-noun and verb predications-processes of nominlization and relativization-Direct and indirect reporting-conversion processes.

8. Translation-Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic-methods of translation-approaches to translation-Literary and other kinds of translation-various ousts of translation.

Section B: Literature
1. Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period-Marga and Desi Poetry.

2. Nannnaya Period-Historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata.

3. Saiva poets and their contribution-Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaha-rana.

4. Tikkana and his place in Telughu literature.

5. Errana and his literary works-Nachana Somana and his new approach to poetry^

6. Srinatha and Potana-their works and contribution.

7. Bhakti Poets hi Telugu literature-Tallapaka Annamayya, Ramadasu, Tyagayya.

8. Evolution of Prabandhas-Kavya and Prabandha.

9. Southern school of Telugu literature-Raghunatlia Nayaka, Chemakura Vankatakavi and women poets-literary forms like yakshagana, prose and padakavita.

10. Modern Telugu Literature and Literary forms-Novel, Short Story, Drama, Play-let and poetic form.

11. Literary Movements: Reformation, Nationalism, Neoclassicism, Romanticism and Progressive, Revolutionary movements.

12. Digambarakavulu, Feminist and Dalit Literature.

13. Main divisions of folk literature-Per forming folk arts.

Answers must be written in Telugu.
This paper will require first hand reading of the prescribed text and will be designed to test the candidates critical abilit) which will be in relation to the following approaches:

(i) Aesthetic approach-Rasa, Dhwani, Vakroti and Auchitya-Formal and Structural-1 ma gery and Symbolism.

(ii) Sociological, Historical, Ideological, Psychological approaches.

Section A

1. Nannaya-Dushyanta Charita (Adiparva 4th Canto verses-5-109).

2. Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyogaparva-3rd Canto verses 1-144)

3. Srinatha-Guna Nidhi Katha (Kasikhandam, 4th Canto, Verses 76-133)

4. PingaIiSurana-SugatriSalinulakatha(Kalapurnodayamu 4 Canto verses, 60-142)

5. MoIIa-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including avatarika)

6. Kasula Purushothama Kavi Andhra Nayaka Satakamu.

7. Gurajada Appa Rao-Animutyalu (Short Stories).

8. Viswanatha Satyanarayana-Andhra Prasasti

9. Devulapalli Krishna Sastry-Krishnapaksham (excluding Urvasi and Pravasam)

10. Sri Sri-Maha Prastanam

11. Jashuva Gabbilam (part T)

12. C. Narayana Reddy Karpuravasanta Rayalu.

13. Kanuparti Varalakshmamma-Sarada lekhalu (Part I).

14. Atreya-N.G.O.

15. Racha Konda Visvanatha Sastry- Alpajaeevi.